Building a DIY NAS (Network Attached Storage) can be a rewarding and cost-effective way to manage your data, backups, and media streaming. However, it’s common to have questions about the process, compatibility, and hardware. This FAQ addresses the top questions people ask when planning a DIY NAS build, so you can make informed decisions and get the most out of your system.

1. What is a DIY NAS, and why should I build one?

A DIY NAS is a custom-built network storage system that allows you to share, store, and access files across your network. Building one gives you more control over hardware, software, and configuration compared to pre-built NAS solutions like Synology or QNAP. It’s ideal for:

• Media streaming (e.g., Plex, Jellyfin)
• Data backups
• Hosting personal cloud services
• Running lightweight servers (e.g., game servers)

Advantages:

• Cost savings
• Flexibility in hardware and software
• Scalability for future upgrades

2. What are the essential components for a DIY NAS build?

To build a NAS, you’ll need:

• Motherboard and CPU: Look for boards with multiple SATA ports, M.2 slots, and low-power CPUs like Intel N100 or N305.
• RAM: ECC memory is preferred for data integrity, but non-ECC RAM works for most home setups.
• Storage Drives: HDDs for mass storage (e.g., Seagate IronWolf, WD Red) and SSDs for caching or high-speed tasks.
• Case: Choose a case with enough drive bays for your storage needs.
• Power Supply: A reliable PSU, preferably 80 Plus certified, to power your system.
• Cooling: Case fans or CPU coolers to maintain optimal temperatures.
• Network Card: Most motherboards have built-in Ethernet; 2.5GbE or 10GbE is ideal for faster transfers.

3. What operating systems (OS) are best for DIY NAS builds?

Popular NAS operating systems include:

• Unraid: Easy to use, flexible storage management, great for Plex and Docker containers.
• TrueNAS (Core or Scale): Best for ZFS storage and data integrity.
• OpenMediaVault (OMV): Lightweight and beginner-friendly.
• XigmaNAS: Similar to TrueNAS but with simpler configurations.
• Ubuntu Server: For advanced users comfortable with Linux.

4. How much storage do I need for my NAS?

This depends on your use case:

• Media Streaming: 2TB–8TB per drive (depending on your library size).
• Backups: Match your existing storage needs, plus redundancy.
• Future-Proofing: Plan for 30%–50% extra storage for future growth.

5. What is RAID, and should I use it?

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) combines multiple drives into a single storage array for redundancy or performance.

• RAID 0: No redundancy; faster performance.
• RAID 1: Mirrors data across drives for redundancy.
• RAID 5/6: Combines redundancy and storage efficiency.
• RAID 10: Combines RAID 1 and 0 for performance and redundancy.

Alternative: Some OSes like Unraid use JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks) with parity for more flexible storage management.

6. Can I stream 4K content with my DIY NAS?

Yes, but it depends on your CPU and network:

• Direct Play: Low CPU usage; requires client devices that support native codecs.
• Transcoding: Requires a powerful CPU or GPU to convert media on-the-fly.
• Recommended CPUs: Intel Core i3/i5, AMD Ryzen, or Intel N305 for light workloads.

7. How many drives can I use in a NAS?

The number of drives depends on your motherboard and case. Most consumer motherboards support up to 6 SATA drives, while larger server boards or RAID cards can handle more.

8. Should I use SSDs for my NAS?

SSDs are ideal for:

• Caching: Speeds up frequently accessed files.
• VMs/Docker Containers: Improves performance for applications.
• High-Speed Storage: For workloads like video editing.

Use HDDs for bulk storage, as they offer better cost per TB.

9. Do I need ECC RAM for a NAS?

ECC (Error-Correcting Code) RAM improves data reliability by detecting and correcting memory errors. It’s recommended for critical data, but non-ECC RAM is fine for most home users.

10. What power supply should I use for my NAS?

Choose a PSU with:

• Sufficient wattage (calculate based on drives and components).
• 80 Plus certification for efficiency.
• High reliability (e.g., brands like BeQuiet!, Corsair, Seasonic).

11. How do I ensure my DIY NAS stays cool?

• Install case fans for proper airflow.
• Use a reliable CPU cooler.
• Place the NAS in a well-ventilated area.

12. How do I back up my NAS?

• Local Backups: Use an external drive or another NAS.
• Cloud Backups: Services like Backblaze, AWS, or Google Drive.
• Snapshots: Available in TrueNAS and Unraid for point-in-time recovery.

13. Can I run additional services on my NAS?

Yes, most NAS OSes support Docker or VMs to run apps like:

• Plex or Jellyfin for media.
• Nextcloud for file sharing.
• Game servers like Valheim or Minecraft.

14. How do I choose compatible hardware?

• Check OS compatibility: Ensure your CPU, motherboard, and network card are supported by the OS.
• Drive compatibility: Use NAS-rated HDDs (e.g., Seagate IronWolf, WD Red).
• Research: Look for DIY NAS forums or compatibility lists.

15. Can I expand my NAS storage later?

Yes, but it depends on the OS:

• Unraid: Easy to add drives without rebuilding arrays.
• TrueNAS: Expansion may require reconfiguration of RAID.
• OMV: Flexible, but RAID setups can be tricky to expand.

16. What’s the difference between DIY NAS and pre-built NAS systems?

• DIY NAS: Customizable, cost-effective, requires technical knowledge.
• Pre-Built NAS (e.g., Synology/QNAP): Plug-and-play, user-friendly, but less flexible and more expensive.

Building a DIY NAS can seem daunting at first, but with the right planning and components, it’s a powerful solution for managing your data, streaming media, and hosting servers. Use this FAQ as a guide to kickstart your NAS project with confidence!

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The Topton MW-N100-NAS motherboard is a budget-friendly ITX solution aimed at users seeking a compact and low-power network-attached storage (NAS) setup. Priced at around $139 for the motherboard and CPU alone, or $183.88 with an 8GB DDR5 SODIMM and a 128GB SSD, this board is built around the Intel Alder Lake-N N100 CPU. This processor, part of Intel’s low-power N-series lineup, features a 4-core, 4-thread architecture with a 3.4 GHz turbo frequency, 6W TDP, and integrated Intel UHD Graphics.

NOTE 1 – A version of this motherboard has appeared that features a x4 PCIe slot, but it is shared with the 2nd M.2 slot. You can learn more about it HERE on the Amazon listing

NOTE 2 – The review of the N100 version of this motherboard is now live and HERE on YouTube and HERE on the blog

While the CPU is not designed for high-performance processing tasks, it is suitable for general NAS functions such as file storage, backup, and moderate media streaming. Its low power requirements and passive cooling capability make it an energy-efficient choice for users who prioritize minimal power consumption in a home NAS environment, as well as a compact form factor that allows for versatile placement options.

UPDATE – There is a new N305 i3 8 Core version of this motherboard now available HERE for $284.77 (Inlcudes 8GB DDR5 RAM and 128GB OS SSD)

Topton MW-N100-NAS ITX DiY NAS Review – Quick Conclusion

The Topton MW-N100-NAS motherboard is an affordable ITX option for basic NAS setups, featuring a low-power Intel N100 CPU, dual 2.5GbE ports, and a rare built-in 10GbE port for faster data transfer. With six SATA ports and two M.2 slots, it offers versatile storage options, although the M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1, restricting maximum speeds. While the lack of a PCIe slot and ECC support may limit its appeal for advanced users, the MW-N100-NAS performs reliably for general NAS tasks like file storage, backups, and moderate streaming. It’s best suited for budget-conscious users who need a compact and low-power NAS with decent networking options, though not for those requiring extensive expandability or high-speed processing.

BUILD QUALITY - 8/10

HARDWARE - 8/10

PERFORMANCE - 7/10

PRICE - 10/10

VALUE - 9/10

8.4

PROS

Affordable price for an ITX motherboard with 10GbE networking capabilities.
Built-in 10GbE port (Marvell AQC113C) and dual 2.5GbE ports (Intel i226-V) for versatile networking options.
Low power consumption (6W TDP for CPU), suitable for continuous 24/7 operation.
Six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 NVMe slots, providing flexible storage configuration options.
Compact form factor, making it ideal for small NAS builds and limited-space installations.
Supports up to 32GB of DDR5 memory, which is adequate for general NAS use.
Low heat output with stable thermal performance, reducing the need for extensive cooling.
User-friendly BIOS with customization options for PCI and USB settings.

CONS

No PCIe slot, limiting expansion options for additional hardware like GPUs or other high-speed components.
Lacks ECC memory support, which is often preferred in NAS setups for data integrity.
M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, restricting maximum speed for high-performance applications.
Requires a 300W power supply despite low power demands, adding potential extra cost and size requirements.

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Topton MW-N100-NAS ITX DiY NAS Review – Hardware Design

One of the most notable aspects of the MW-N100-NAS is its networking features, which include a 10GbE port, powered by the Marvell AQC113C chipset, alongside two 2.5GbE ports using Intel’s i226-V chipset. This array of network options offers considerable flexibility for users who may need fast data transfer rates across multiple networked devices or even redundancy configurations.

The 10GbE port is rare for a budget NAS board in the ITX form factor, adding significant appeal to this motherboard. However, the board’s lack of a PCIe slot is a potential drawback for users who may wish to add high-speed components, such as dedicated graphics or additional networking cards.

For NAS applications, this limitation may affect performance expansion, as it restricts the motherboard’s capacity for future upgrades. For users needing extra customization, the lack of PCIe could be a significant constraint, especially for those interested in expanding their setup beyond standard NAS functions.

In terms of storage options, the MW-N100-NAS offers an array of SATA and NVMe configurations. It includes six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 slots for NVMe storage, which should be sufficient for users with diverse storage requirements. However, the M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, resulting in a maximum throughput of roughly 1,000 MB/s per slot.

This bandwidth limitation is adequate for general NAS storage tasks, such as storing and accessing personal files or streaming media files over a network, but may be restrictive for more demanding applications that require sustained high-speed data access.

Below is a table summarizing the board’s hardware specifications, offering a clear view of its components and supported configurations:

One feature some users may miss is ECC (Error-Correcting Code) memory support, often desired in NAS environments for data integrity. Instead, the board provides a single SO-DIMM slot that supports up to 32GB of non-ECC DDR5 memory. While this capacity is adequate for most home NAS applications, it may be limiting for advanced setups involving heavier workloads or virtualization, where additional memory or ECC support could enhance performance and data reliability.

The BIOS offers various options for customization, allowing users to adjust settings such as PCI and USB controls, which is beneficial for users looking to optimize the motherboard’s performance based on specific NAS use cases or stability requirements. The lack of ECC support, however, may limit its appeal for users who prioritize maximum data integrity, especially in a NAS configuration where consistent data transfer and storage reliability are critical.

Power efficiency is another key feature of the MW-N100-NAS. During testing, idle power consumption was recorded at around 28.2W with drives connected, and the motherboard’s power draw under load conditions reached a peak of 55W.

These low power consumption figures are advantageous for a NAS system expected to run continuously, reducing electricity costs and lowering heat output, which is essential in confined spaces. This efficiency is further supported by the Intel Alder Lake-N N100 CPU’s low 6W TDP, which enables it to operate reliably without requiring intensive cooling.

However, the board’s power requirements specify a 300W power supply, which may seem excessive for a board designed for modest performance. This is likely to ensure stable power delivery, particularly with the 10GbE network port under load.

Additionally, the board is shipped without a CMOS battery, so users will need to source one separately to maintain BIOS settings over time. These requirements add minor extra costs and may necessitate careful planning, especially for users unfamiliar with NAS builds.

Performance testing showed that the MW-N100-NAS delivered reliable but moderate results. When transferring files through the 10GbE connection, speeds peaked at around 750 MB/s, with average speeds of about 305–320 MB/s. These results, while not close to full 10GbE bandwidth, are within expectations for a budget NAS motherboard equipped with a low-power CPU and are suitable for typical NAS uses, such as file sharing and moderate streaming.

For internal data transfers, such as moving files between SSDs, read speeds reached approximately 795 MB/s, while write speeds topped out around 688 MB/s. Though these speeds are acceptable for standard NAS usage, they do fall short of full-speed potential, likely due to the board’s limited PCIe lane allocation and modest CPU capabilities.

Thermal performance was stable during testing, with temperatures peaking at around 49°C after prolonged operation under load. The MW-N100-NAS uses a low-profile fan that provides adequate cooling without generating excessive noise.

However, for users who intend to utilize all six SATA ports or both M.2 slots with continuous, high-demand workloads, additional cooling solutions may be worth considering. The board’s efficient thermal management makes it suitable for users seeking a system that can run continuously without extensive cooling modifications, although configurations involving numerous high-speed drives may benefit from enhanced cooling.

Overall, the Topton MW-N100-NAS is a solid choice for those seeking a straightforward NAS setup without extensive customization needs. Its key strengths are its networking capabilities, including the rare addition of a 10GbE port alongside dual 2.5GbE ports, providing flexible network options for data sharing, backup, and streaming tasks.

However, limitations such as the absence of a PCIe slot, limited M.2 slot speeds, and lack of ECC memory support may deter users seeking a more advanced NAS configuration or those with specific performance or data integrity requirements. These factors indicate that this board is best suited for users who primarily need reliable file storage and moderate transfer speeds rather than high-end processing or customization.

Topton MW-N100-NAS Motherboard Review – Conclusion

The MW-N100-NAS motherboard from Topton is a practical option for NAS users who prioritize cost-effectiveness, compact form factor, and low power usage over advanced performance features. This board is positioned well for users who need a simple, dedicated NAS with solid networking options, allowing for versatile configurations that don’t require high-powered components or extensive customizability. The inclusion of 10GbE is a significant advantage, providing a notable boost in transfer speeds over standard Ethernet, which is beneficial for small offices or households with moderate data-sharing needs. However, potential buyers should consider its limitations in terms of expandability and memory capabilities, as these may impact its long-term viability for more advanced NAS applications. For those focused on basic file storage and network sharing, the MW-N100-NAS is an appealing choice with a balanced mix of essential features and cost-efficiency. Nevertheless, for users anticipating heavier workloads, or those looking to future-proof their NAS setup, it may be worth exploring more advanced options that offer better expandability, ECC support, or higher sustained performance capabilities.

PROS	CONs
Affordable price for an ITX motherboard with 10GbE networking capabilities. Built-in 10GbE port (Marvell AQC113C) and dual 2.5GbE ports (Intel i226-V) for versatile networking options. Low power consumption (6W TDP for CPU), suitable for continuous 24/7 operation. Six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 NVMe slots, providing flexible storage configuration options. Compact form factor, making it ideal for small NAS builds and limited-space installations. Supports up to 32GB of DDR5 memory, which is adequate for general NAS use. Low heat output with stable thermal performance, reducing the need for extensive cooling. User-friendly BIOS with customization options for PCI and USB settings.	No PCIe slot, limiting expansion options for additional hardware like GPUs or other high-speed components. Lacks ECC memory support, which is often preferred in NAS setups for data integrity. M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, restricting maximum speed for high-performance applications. Requires a 300W power supply despite low power demands, adding potential extra cost and size requirements.

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This description contains links to Amazon. These links will take you to some of the products mentioned in today's content. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Visit the NASCompares Deal Finder to find the best place to buy this device in your region, based on Service, Support and Reputation - Just Search for your NAS Drive in the Box Below

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If you like this service, please consider supporting us. We use affiliate links on the blog allowing NAScompares information and advice service to be free of charge to you.Anything you purchase on the day you click on our links will generate a small commission which isused to run the website. Here is a link for Amazon and B&H.You can also get me a Ko-fi or old school Paypal. Thanks!To find out more about how to support this advice service check HEREIf you need to fix or configure a NAS, check Fiver Have you thought about helping others with your knowledge? Find Instructions Here  

Or support us by using our affiliate links on Amazon UK and Amazon US

    

 

WE LOVE COFFEE

The Topton MW-N100-NAS motherboard is a budget-friendly ITX solution aimed at users seeking a compact and low-power network-attached storage (NAS) setup. Priced at around $139 for the motherboard and CPU alone, or $183.88 with an 8GB DDR5 SODIMM and a 128GB SSD, this board is built around the Intel Alder Lake-N N100 CPU. This processor, part of Intel’s low-power N-series lineup, features a 4-core, 4-thread architecture with a 3.4 GHz turbo frequency, 6W TDP, and integrated Intel UHD Graphics.

NOTE 1 – A version of this motherboard has appeared that features a x4 PCIe slot, but it is shared with the 2nd M.2 slot. You can learn more about it HERE on the Amazon listing

NOTE 2 – The review of the N100 version of this motherboard is now live and HERE on YouTube and HERE on the blog

While the CPU is not designed for high-performance processing tasks, it is suitable for general NAS functions such as file storage, backup, and moderate media streaming. Its low power requirements and passive cooling capability make it an energy-efficient choice for users who prioritize minimal power consumption in a home NAS environment, as well as a compact form factor that allows for versatile placement options.

UPDATE – There is a new N305 i3 8 Core version of this motherboard now available HERE for $284.77 (Inlcudes 8GB DDR5 RAM and 128GB OS SSD)

Topton MW-N100-NAS ITX DiY NAS Review – Quick Conclusion

The Topton MW-N100-NAS motherboard is an affordable ITX option for basic NAS setups, featuring a low-power Intel N100 CPU, dual 2.5GbE ports, and a rare built-in 10GbE port for faster data transfer. With six SATA ports and two M.2 slots, it offers versatile storage options, although the M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1, restricting maximum speeds. While the lack of a PCIe slot and ECC support may limit its appeal for advanced users, the MW-N100-NAS performs reliably for general NAS tasks like file storage, backups, and moderate streaming. It’s best suited for budget-conscious users who need a compact and low-power NAS with decent networking options, though not for those requiring extensive expandability or high-speed processing.

BUILD QUALITY - 8/10

HARDWARE - 8/10

PERFORMANCE - 7/10

PRICE - 10/10

VALUE - 9/10

8.4

PROS

Affordable price for an ITX motherboard with 10GbE networking capabilities.
Built-in 10GbE port (Marvell AQC113C) and dual 2.5GbE ports (Intel i226-V) for versatile networking options.
Low power consumption (6W TDP for CPU), suitable for continuous 24/7 operation.
Six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 NVMe slots, providing flexible storage configuration options.
Compact form factor, making it ideal for small NAS builds and limited-space installations.
Supports up to 32GB of DDR5 memory, which is adequate for general NAS use.
Low heat output with stable thermal performance, reducing the need for extensive cooling.
User-friendly BIOS with customization options for PCI and USB settings.

CONS

No PCIe slot, limiting expansion options for additional hardware like GPUs or other high-speed components.
Lacks ECC memory support, which is often preferred in NAS setups for data integrity.
M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, restricting maximum speed for high-performance applications.
Requires a 300W power supply despite low power demands, adding potential extra cost and size requirements.

Where to Buy a Product
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Topton MW-N100-NAS ITX DiY NAS Review – Hardware Design

One of the most notable aspects of the MW-N100-NAS is its networking features, which include a 10GbE port, powered by the Marvell AQC113C chipset, alongside two 2.5GbE ports using Intel’s i226-V chipset. This array of network options offers considerable flexibility for users who may need fast data transfer rates across multiple networked devices or even redundancy configurations.

The 10GbE port is rare for a budget NAS board in the ITX form factor, adding significant appeal to this motherboard. However, the board’s lack of a PCIe slot is a potential drawback for users who may wish to add high-speed components, such as dedicated graphics or additional networking cards.

For NAS applications, this limitation may affect performance expansion, as it restricts the motherboard’s capacity for future upgrades. For users needing extra customization, the lack of PCIe could be a significant constraint, especially for those interested in expanding their setup beyond standard NAS functions.

In terms of storage options, the MW-N100-NAS offers an array of SATA and NVMe configurations. It includes six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 slots for NVMe storage, which should be sufficient for users with diverse storage requirements. However, the M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, resulting in a maximum throughput of roughly 1,000 MB/s per slot.

This bandwidth limitation is adequate for general NAS storage tasks, such as storing and accessing personal files or streaming media files over a network, but may be restrictive for more demanding applications that require sustained high-speed data access.

Below is a table summarizing the board’s hardware specifications, offering a clear view of its components and supported configurations:

One feature some users may miss is ECC (Error-Correcting Code) memory support, often desired in NAS environments for data integrity. Instead, the board provides a single SO-DIMM slot that supports up to 32GB of non-ECC DDR5 memory. While this capacity is adequate for most home NAS applications, it may be limiting for advanced setups involving heavier workloads or virtualization, where additional memory or ECC support could enhance performance and data reliability.

The BIOS offers various options for customization, allowing users to adjust settings such as PCI and USB controls, which is beneficial for users looking to optimize the motherboard’s performance based on specific NAS use cases or stability requirements. The lack of ECC support, however, may limit its appeal for users who prioritize maximum data integrity, especially in a NAS configuration where consistent data transfer and storage reliability are critical.

Power efficiency is another key feature of the MW-N100-NAS. During testing, idle power consumption was recorded at around 28.2W with drives connected, and the motherboard’s power draw under load conditions reached a peak of 55W.

These low power consumption figures are advantageous for a NAS system expected to run continuously, reducing electricity costs and lowering heat output, which is essential in confined spaces. This efficiency is further supported by the Intel Alder Lake-N N100 CPU’s low 6W TDP, which enables it to operate reliably without requiring intensive cooling.

However, the board’s power requirements specify a 300W power supply, which may seem excessive for a board designed for modest performance. This is likely to ensure stable power delivery, particularly with the 10GbE network port under load.

Additionally, the board is shipped without a CMOS battery, so users will need to source one separately to maintain BIOS settings over time. These requirements add minor extra costs and may necessitate careful planning, especially for users unfamiliar with NAS builds.

Performance testing showed that the MW-N100-NAS delivered reliable but moderate results. When transferring files through the 10GbE connection, speeds peaked at around 750 MB/s, with average speeds of about 305–320 MB/s. These results, while not close to full 10GbE bandwidth, are within expectations for a budget NAS motherboard equipped with a low-power CPU and are suitable for typical NAS uses, such as file sharing and moderate streaming.

For internal data transfers, such as moving files between SSDs, read speeds reached approximately 795 MB/s, while write speeds topped out around 688 MB/s. Though these speeds are acceptable for standard NAS usage, they do fall short of full-speed potential, likely due to the board’s limited PCIe lane allocation and modest CPU capabilities.

Thermal performance was stable during testing, with temperatures peaking at around 49°C after prolonged operation under load. The MW-N100-NAS uses a low-profile fan that provides adequate cooling without generating excessive noise.

However, for users who intend to utilize all six SATA ports or both M.2 slots with continuous, high-demand workloads, additional cooling solutions may be worth considering. The board’s efficient thermal management makes it suitable for users seeking a system that can run continuously without extensive cooling modifications, although configurations involving numerous high-speed drives may benefit from enhanced cooling.

Overall, the Topton MW-N100-NAS is a solid choice for those seeking a straightforward NAS setup without extensive customization needs. Its key strengths are its networking capabilities, including the rare addition of a 10GbE port alongside dual 2.5GbE ports, providing flexible network options for data sharing, backup, and streaming tasks.

However, limitations such as the absence of a PCIe slot, limited M.2 slot speeds, and lack of ECC memory support may deter users seeking a more advanced NAS configuration or those with specific performance or data integrity requirements. These factors indicate that this board is best suited for users who primarily need reliable file storage and moderate transfer speeds rather than high-end processing or customization.

Topton MW-N100-NAS Motherboard Review – Conclusion

The MW-N100-NAS motherboard from Topton is a practical option for NAS users who prioritize cost-effectiveness, compact form factor, and low power usage over advanced performance features. This board is positioned well for users who need a simple, dedicated NAS with solid networking options, allowing for versatile configurations that don’t require high-powered components or extensive customizability. The inclusion of 10GbE is a significant advantage, providing a notable boost in transfer speeds over standard Ethernet, which is beneficial for small offices or households with moderate data-sharing needs. However, potential buyers should consider its limitations in terms of expandability and memory capabilities, as these may impact its long-term viability for more advanced NAS applications. For those focused on basic file storage and network sharing, the MW-N100-NAS is an appealing choice with a balanced mix of essential features and cost-efficiency. Nevertheless, for users anticipating heavier workloads, or those looking to future-proof their NAS setup, it may be worth exploring more advanced options that offer better expandability, ECC support, or higher sustained performance capabilities.

PROS	CONs
Affordable price for an ITX motherboard with 10GbE networking capabilities. Built-in 10GbE port (Marvell AQC113C) and dual 2.5GbE ports (Intel i226-V) for versatile networking options. Low power consumption (6W TDP for CPU), suitable for continuous 24/7 operation. Six SATA 3.0 ports and two M.2 NVMe slots, providing flexible storage configuration options. Compact form factor, making it ideal for small NAS builds and limited-space installations. Supports up to 32GB of DDR5 memory, which is adequate for general NAS use. Low heat output with stable thermal performance, reducing the need for extensive cooling. User-friendly BIOS with customization options for PCI and USB settings.	No PCIe slot, limiting expansion options for additional hardware like GPUs or other high-speed components. Lacks ECC memory support, which is often preferred in NAS setups for data integrity. M.2 slots are limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1 lanes, restricting maximum speed for high-performance applications. Requires a 300W power supply despite low power demands, adding potential extra cost and size requirements.

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Want to follow specific category? Also Read...Week 51 Tech Round-Up – QNAPLocal AI and NAS Drives - IS TMinisforum MGA1 Docking StatioFAQ for DIY NAS Builds: EverytRecommended ATX Motherboards fRecommended ATX Motherboards fN305 6-Bay 10GbE NAS MotherboaCWWK Q670 8-Bay Gen5 NAS vPro Flashstor Gen 2 NAS ReviewHexOS NAS Software - Review of Subscribe

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This description contains links to Amazon. These links will take you to some of the products mentioned in today's content. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Visit the NASCompares Deal Finder to find the best place to buy this device in your region, based on Service, Support and Reputation - Just Search for your NAS Drive in the Box Below

Need Advice on Data Storage from an Expert?

TRY CHAT

If you like this service, please consider supporting us. We use affiliate links on the blog allowing NAScompares information and advice service to be free of charge to you.Anything you purchase on the day you click on our links will generate a small commission which isused to run the website. Here is a link for Amazon and B&H.You can also get me a Ko-fi or old school Paypal. Thanks!To find out more about how to support this advice service check HEREIf you need to fix or configure a NAS, check Fiver Have you thought about helping others with your knowledge? Find Instructions Here  

Or support us by using our affiliate links on Amazon UK and Amazon US

    

 

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The CWWK Q670 8-Bay Gen5 NAS motherboard is a strong contender in the ever-expanding DIY mini-server motherboard market. Priced between $239 and $250, this ITX board boasts features like PCIe Gen 5 support, DDR5 memory compatibility, and versatile storage options, catering to home lab enthusiasts and small business setups alike. It is designed for Intel’s 12th, 13th, and 14th Gen processors, offering users a robust and scalable platform for building custom NAS solutions. This motherboard succeeds its predecessor with noticeable improvements in storage and connectivity, making it more appealing to users looking for cutting-edge performance. It includes eight SATA drive connections over SFF fan out cables (available as an optional purchase), three M.2 NVMe slots, and a single PCIe Gen 5 x16 slot, all in a compact 17x17cm form factor. While it provides a solid foundation for a variety of NAS applications, it also introduces challenges, particularly around memory support, networking limitations, and lane management.

One of the key selling points of the CWWK Q670 is its modularity, allowing users to customize their builds to suit specific needs. However, this flexibility comes with a steep learning curve for those unfamiliar with BIOS tuning or component compatibility. Nevertheless, the board is a worthy option for DIY enthusiasts willing to invest time and effort into creating a high-performance storage solution. This review explores the board’s design, hardware, connectivity, and performance to help you decide if the CWWK Q670 is the right choice for your next NAS project.

Note –  This is a review of the newer generation version of this NAS motherboard, you can find my review of the previous revision HERE on NASCompares, or HERE on our YouTube Channel

CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo Review – Quick Conclusion

The CWWK Q670 8-Bay Gen5 NAS motherboard is a versatile and feature-rich platform that caters to a wide range of NAS builders. Its support for modern processors, DDR5 memory, and extensive storage options make it an attractive choice for those seeking a balance between performance and scalability. However, its reliance on user customization and the absence of ECC memory or native 10GbE networking may limit its appeal for certain applications. For DIY enthusiasts and experienced NAS builders, the Q670 offers tremendous flexibility and value. Its compact ITX form factor, supporting 8 SATA drives, and PCIe Gen 5 support enable users to create powerful storage solutions tailored to their specific needs. The inclusion of Intel vPro adds an enterprise-grade feature, enhancing its appeal for remote management scenarios. While the board has its quirks, such as tight component placement and reliance on BIOS tuning, these are manageable for users willing to invest time and effort. For most users, the CWWK Q670 serves as a capable and cost-effective foundation for building a high-performance NAS. Bottom line, the CWWK Q670 is a compelling choice for those looking to balance advanced hardware features with affordability. It is not without its limitations, but for those willing to navigate its complexities, it delivers exceptional performance and scalability in a compact package.

BUILD QUALITY - 8/10

HARDWARE - 9/10

PERFORMANCE - 8/10

PRICE - 9/10

VALUE - 9/10

8.6

PROS

A Gen5 M-ITX NAS Mobo...SOLD!
8x SATA Ports (via SFF Fan out x2)
Good scope to support 13th Gen and more CPUs
3x M.2 at Gen 4x4 (one of the 22110)
PCIe 5x16 Slot
Excellent USB Outputs
Full-Length DIMM Memory Support (i.e more memory possible)
Very well priced at just over $200+

CONS

CPU Cooler vs Memory slot placement is VERY tight!
No pre-bundled (CPU/RAM) options
1 PCIe slot (standard M-ITX build) will lead to hard choices about NIC upgrades

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CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo – Design and Build

The CWWK Q670 packs an impressive array of features into its compact ITX form factor. Its 17x17cm footprint allows for installation in small cases, making it suitable for space-constrained setups. Despite its size, the board incorporates features typically found in larger motherboards, such as eight SATA drives supported, via SFF to SATA fanout cables, and support for DDR5 memory.

The off-white PCB design adds a modern aesthetic, distinguishing it from more generic black boards in the market. Not exactly a dealbreaker – but worthy of note.

The layout is thoughtfully organized, with memory slots positioned near the CPU socket, and storage interfaces placed for easy cable management. However, the proximity of these components can create challenges when using large CPU coolers or compact NAS cases. Users should carefully consider their cooling solutions, as the board’s compact design can obstruct airflow in certain configurations.

The use of full-sized U-DIMM DDR5 slots is a notable choice, enabling higher memory capacities and speeds than SODIMM alternatives. However, the lack of ECC support may deter users looking for fault-tolerant setups.

The eight SATA connections via SFF are a standout feature, offering excellent storage expandability without the need for additional adapters, simplifying installation and minimizing compatibility issues. The previous gen of this board favoured physical SATA connections.

Overall, the CWWK Q670 strikes a fine balance between size, functionality, and scalability. Its thoughtful design and rich feature set make it a compelling option for those looking to build a high-performance NAS in a compact footprint.

CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo – Ports and Connectivity

The CWWK Q670 excels in connectivity, offering a wide range of ports and interfaces to meet diverse needs. Its dual Intel 2.5GbE Ethernet ports provide reliable networking, one of which supports Intel vPro for BIOS-level remote management. This feature is particularly beneficial for enterprise users or IT administrators who require remote access for troubleshooting or system configuration.

The rear I/O panel features HDMI 2.0 and DisplayPort 1.4, capable of outputting 4K@60Hz resolution. These are useful for initial setup or troubleshooting, especially for users running graphical interfaces on their NAS. While video output is not typically essential for headless server applications, its inclusion adds flexibility for multi-purpose builds.

USB connectivity includes a single USB-C 3.2 port with 20Gbps bandwidth, three USB 3.2 Type-A ports, and two USB 2.0 ports. Additionally, the board includes internal headers for USB 3.0 and USB 2.0, allowing users to add front-panel connections or bootable storage devices. The presence of an internal USB 2.0 port is a thoughtful addition, making it ideal for booting NAS operating systems like UnRAID directly from a USB drive.

The board’s PCIe Gen 5 x16 slot offers significant expandability, enabling users to install GPUs, high-speed NICs, or storage accelerators. Bifurcation support (8+8) further enhances its versatility, allowing users to connect multiple devices simultaneously. However, the single PCIe slot requires careful planning, as it must accommodate both networking and storage upgrades in most builds.

CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo – Storage and Expandability

Storage is one of the key strengths of the CWWK Q670, 8x SATA media and three M.2 PCIe 4.0 slots offering ample capacity for large-scale data storage and high-speed applications.

The two SFF-8643 connectors simplify the integration of multiple SATA drives, eliminating the need for adapters or complex wiring setups. This makes the board particularly appealing for users planning to build RAID arrays or multi-drive setups.

The three M.2 NVMe slots are positioned strategically to maximize cooling and accessibility. One slot supports the longer 22110 form factor, ideal for high-capacity SSDs with improved heat dissipation. The other two slots support the more common 2280 size. Performance testing revealed read speeds of 5-5.6GB/s and write speeds of 3.7-3.8GB/s, which are consistent with PCIe 4.0 standards.

However, users should note that storage performance can vary significantly depending on the CPU and configuration. Lane-sharing between the PCIe and M.2 slots may lead to bottlenecks in certain setups, particularly when multiple high-speed drives are in use. Transfers between NVMe drives showed reduced throughput (~1GB/s), highlighting the need for careful resource management.

The PCIe Gen 5 x16 slot adds further storage flexibility, supporting advanced SSD expansion cards or bifurcation for multiple devices. This makes the Q670 an excellent choice for flash-based servers, provided users are prepared to invest in compatible components and optimize their configurations.

CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo – Performance Potential

Performance testing on the CWWK Q670 revealed a capable and efficient platform, capable of handling demanding workloads with ease. Using an Intel i5-12500 CPU and 16GB DDR5 memory, the board delivered consistent results across a variety of benchmarks. Idle power consumption was measured at ~30W, while load conditions with active drives peaked at 57-58W.

NVMe performance was a particular highlight, with read/write speeds reaching 5-6GB/s under optimal conditions. While these speeds are impressive, lane-sharing and resource allocation in the BIOS may limit performance in more complex setups. For example, transferring data between NVMe drives resulted in reduced speeds (~1GB/s), underscoring the need for careful configuration.

Networking performance, while reliable, may be a limiting factor for some users. The dual 2.5GbE ports provide adequate bandwidth for most home and small business applications but fall short for larger-scale deployments. Users requiring higher throughput will need to invest in a PCIe-based NIC or USB-C adapters, adding to the overall cost and complexity.

Ultimately, the CWWK Q670’s performance is highly dependent on the components selected and the time invested in BIOS optimization. While it offers a strong foundation for a high-performance NAS, its full potential can only be unlocked through careful planning and customization.

CWWK Q670 NAS Mobo – Review Verdict and Conclusion

The CWWK Q670 8-Bay Gen5 NAS motherboard is a versatile and feature-rich platform that caters to a wide range of NAS builders. Its support for modern processors, DDR5 memory, and extensive storage options make it an attractive choice for those seeking a balance between performance and scalability. However, its reliance on user customization and the absence of ECC memory or native 10GbE networking may limit its appeal for certain applications. For DIY enthusiasts and experienced NAS builders, the Q670 offers tremendous flexibility and value. Its compact ITX form factor, supporting 8 SATA drives, and PCIe Gen 5 support enable users to create powerful storage solutions tailored to their specific needs.

The inclusion of Intel vPro support (CPU dependant) adds an enterprise-grade feature, enhancing its appeal for remote management scenarios. While the board has its quirks, such as tight component placement and reliance on BIOS tuning, these are manageable for users willing to invest time and effort. For most users, the CWWK Q670 serves as a capable and cost-effective foundation for building a high-performance NAS. Bottom line, the CWWK Q670 is a compelling choice for those looking to balance advanced hardware features with affordability. It is not without its limitations, but for those willing to navigate its complexities, it delivers exceptional performance and scalability in a compact package.

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In 2024, the network-attached storage (NAS) market has entered a new era, with SSD-based systems becoming increasingly mainstream. The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 exemplifies this shift, offering high-performance capabilities in a compact and versatile package. Designed for content creators, small businesses, and data-heavy enthusiasts, this NAS is available in six-bay and twelve-bay configurations, with the 12-bay model standing out as a powerhouse solution. This second-generation device builds on its predecessor’s success, leveraging advancements in hardware and connectivity to cater to modern demands. Equipped with an AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 quad-core processor, 16GB of DDR5 ECC memory, and 12 M.2 NVMe slots, the Flashstor Gen 2 is primed for high-speed storage and processing. Its focus on hardware capabilities, rather than purely software features, makes it a unique offering in the NAS space.

Asustor’s choice of components, including dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and a carefully optimized thermal design, signals its intention to appeal to professionals requiring robust performance. These features are particularly relevant for workflows like video editing, 3D rendering, and collaborative data sharing. With its balance of compactness and capability, the Flashstor Gen 2 has generated significant interest.

In this review, we’ll explore the Flashstor Gen 2’s design, performance, storage configuration, connectivity, power efficiency, and more. While the device is not without its quirks, it delivers a compelling package for those who demand high-speed, reliable storage.

Flashstor Gen 2 Review – Quick Conclusion

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 12-Bay NAS is a robust and versatile solution for users with demanding storage needs. Its combination of high-performance hardware, extensive connectivity options, and compact design makes it a standout choice for content creators, small businesses, and enthusiasts. With dual 10GbE ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives, it offers exceptional speed and scalability. While the device has a few quirks, such as its mixed PCIe slot speeds and lack of M.2 heat sinks, these are manageable with proper planning and aftermarket solutions. The Flashstor Gen 2 excels in raw performance, handling intensive workflows with ease and maintaining low noise levels even under load. Its power efficiency and robust thermal management further enhance its appeal for 24/7 operation. For users prioritizing hardware capabilities and performance, the Flashstor Gen 2 delivers on its promises. While its complexity may deter less experienced users, those with the technical expertise to configure and optimize the system will find it a valuable addition to their workflow.

SOFTWARE - 6/10

HARDWARE - 9/10

PERFORMANCE - 10/10

PRICE - 7/10

VALUE - 8/10

8.0

PROS

Exceptional Performance: Dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports and USB 4.0 connectivity deliver fast and reliable data transfer speeds, ideal for 4K editing and collaborative environments.
Extensive Storage Options: Supports up to 12 M.2 NVMe SSDs, allowing for large-scale, high-speed storage arrays.
ECC Memory Support: Includes 16GB of DDR5-4800 ECC memory (expandable to 64GB), ensuring data integrity for critical applications.
Compact Design: Small footprint makes it perfect for workspaces with limited room.
Quiet Operation: Dual-fan system keeps noise levels low, even under heavy loads.
Flexible Connectivity: Features two USB 4.0 Type-C ports and three USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports for direct storage access and peripheral integration.
Power Efficiency: Low power consumption (32.2W idle, 56W under load) makes it economical to run, even for 24/7 operation.
Thermal Management Enhancements: Dual fans and copper heat pipes efficiently dissipate heat, ensuring stable performance.
Support for Third-Party Operating Systems: Compatible with platforms like TrueNAS and Unraid for advanced customization.

CONS

Mixed PCIe Slot Speeds: Inconsistent PCIe bandwidth across M.2 slots complicates unified RAID configurations.
Lack of M.2 Heat Sinks: NVMe slots do not include heat sinks, requiring aftermarket cooling solutions for intensive workloads.
No Integrated Graphics: The AMD Ryzen V3C14 processor lacks integrated graphics, limiting hardware transcoding and multimedia capabilities.
Steep Price: The 12-bay model’s cost ($1,300–$1,400) and the six-bay version’s lack of ECC memory make them expensive compared to alternatives.

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Flashstor 2 Design and Build

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 impresses with its compact design, measuring just 48.3mm (H) x 308.26mm (W) x 193mm (D). Its compact size belies the immense capability housed within, including support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives. This layout makes it well-suited for professional environments where space efficiency and quiet operation are critical.

The choice of hardware components further solidifies its status as a high-performance NAS.

At the heart of the device is the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 processor, a quad-core CPU clocked at 2.3GHz with a boost speed of up to 3.8GHz.

It supports 16GB of DDR5-4800 ECC memory, which is expandable up to 64GB, catering to users with intensive storage and processing requirements. ECC memory enhances data reliability, making this NAS suitable for mission-critical workflows.

The system’s chassis is thoughtfully designed for durability and accessibility. Internal components, such as the NVMe slots, are easily accessible for maintenance or upgrades. The 12-bay configuration maximizes storage potential, making it ideal for users managing large-scale projects or requiring extensive data redundancy.

Despite its compact size, the Flashstor Gen 2’s design includes practical enhancements for thermal efficiency, which we’ll discuss further in the performance section. Overall, the hardware selection and physical layout highlight Asustor’s focus on balancing power and practicality.

Performance and Heat Management on the Flashstor Gen 2

The Flashstor Gen 2 is engineered to deliver top-tier performance, leveraging its powerful hardware and advanced connectivity.

Testing showed the device consistently saturating single 10-Gigabit Ethernet connections during file transfers, with dual connections offering even greater throughput.

Its USB 4.0 ports also demonstrated exceptional performance, exceeding 1,700 MB/s in single-threaded tests. These results underscore the NAS’s ability to handle high-demand workflows like video editing and real-time collaboration.

Thermal management is a crucial consideration for SSD-based NAS devices, and Asustor has made notable efforts in this area. The Flashstor Gen 2 employs dual cooling fans, one dedicated to the CPU, as well as copper heat pipes to dissipate heat from the M.2 NVMe slots. These measures effectively manage the heat generated by the Gen 4 SSDs, which maintained stable temperatures during intensive use.

However, some limitations remain. The top-mounted M.2 drives lack active cooling, resulting in localized heat buildup during prolonged usage. While temperatures remained below critical thresholds during testing, the absence of heat sinks for the M.2 slots is a noticeable drawback, particularly for users planning continuous heavy workloads. Asustor could address this with an included cooling solution to better accommodate the higher heat output of Gen 4 drives.

Power consumption during operation was modest, averaging 32.2W and peaking at 56W under load. Coupled with the efficient thermal management and quiet operation, these characteristics make the Flashstor Gen 2 a solid choice for 24/7 use in professional environments where noise and energy efficiency are priorities.

Flashstor Gen 2 Storage Configuration and Lane/Speeds

The storage configuration of the Flashstor Gen 2 offers immense potential, with 12 M.2 NVMe slots enabling substantial storage arrays. However, the allocation of PCIe speeds across these slots is uneven, leading to a complex setup process. The slots are divided as follows:

• 1 x Gen 4×4
• 3 x Gen 4×2
• 4 x Gen 4×1
• 1 x Gen 3×4
• 1 x Gen 3×2
• 2 x Gen 3×1

This configuration allows for flexibility but also introduces challenges for users seeking uniform performance across RAID arrays. It is more practical to configure the drives into multiple independent pools rather than a unified array, as the differing speeds can create bottlenecks. For users planning large-scale data storage, careful planning of drive allocation will be essential.

Despite this complexity, the performance of individual slots was impressive. Single 10GbE connections were fully saturated during file transfers, while multi-channel configurations demonstrated even greater throughput. Testing with dual 10GbE connections showed that the device could handle heavy data loads across different RAID pools simultaneously.

For professionals with demanding storage requirements, the Flashstor Gen 2 offers the capacity and speed to meet their needs. While the mixed PCIe speeds might deter some users, those with the technical expertise to optimize configurations will find significant performance benefits.

Flashstor Gen 2 Ports and Connections

The Flashstor Gen 2 offers an impressive array of ports, catering to a variety of workflows and setups. The device includes dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, two USB 4.0 Type-C ports, and three USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports, ensuring ample connectivity for both networked and direct-attached use cases.

The dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports provide high-speed networking capabilities, supporting SMB multichannel for simultaneous data streams. This feature is especially useful for collaborative environments or workflows requiring simultaneous access by multiple users. During testing, the dual connections consistently delivered excellent throughput, making them ideal for demanding tasks such as video editing or real-time data processing.

The USB 4.0 Type-C ports are a standout feature, offering 20Gbps speeds each. These ports enable high-speed direct access to the NAS, expanding its use cases to include direct-attached storage scenarios. Testing showed that these ports performed exceptionally well, with transfer speeds exceeding 1,700 MB/s, making them a valuable addition for professionals needing rapid data access.

The three USB 3.2 Gen 2 ports add further versatility, supporting 10Gbps speeds for external storage devices or additional peripherals. Together, these ports create a highly adaptable system capable of integrating seamlessly into diverse workflows. Whether used for networking, direct storage access, or peripheral connections, the Flashstor Gen 2’s ports make it a flexible and powerful tool for professionals.

Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 NAS Software – ADM5

The Asustor AS6812X NAS arrives with the latest version of ADM 5 included. Additionally, this software receives frequent updates to ensure that the software runs the very best it can on the Lockerstor, as well as keeping up to date with security patches and application versions. The NAS software is accessible via a web browser and displayed very much like a normal computer operating system (desktop, user accounts, customizable themes, file management, running multiple tasks in windows that can be switched in the native tabs), but there are also a range of desktop client tools for accessing the NAS on your local machine natively, as well as a whole bunch of mobile applications that allow tailored access from your phone/tablet in more task-specific means (eg a photo app for viewing pictures and creating phone backup routines, a video app for enjoying your movies and boxsets, surveillance app to access your cameras, etc).  There is also a large range of support of 3rd party applications too in the ADM platform. Asustor is not as big a company as the likes of Synology and QNAP, whole put ALOT more money into their software development, but Asustor try to counter this by (when they do not have an in-house app) making native versions of 3rd party tools in their platform (example, they do not have a 1st party Virtual Machine app, but DO include huge support for VirtualBox). The platform is not quite as fully featured as DSM and QTS, but it is still a very smooth and accessible software platform. The app center has a few more 3rd party applications and slightly crowbarred software (eg the Amazon Media and Streaming service plugins) that is not updated up the original uploaders anywhere near enough (leading to running issues on these tools), but the 1st party apps run very well. The big takeaway on the Asustor software and it’s services is that the standard class of expected features of a modern NAS in 2024/2025 are here and run exactly as you would want, it is just some of the additional ones that other platforms have doubled down on (such as AI-related services in Photography and Surveillance for example) that are a little lacking. That said, the brand has definitetl ramped up a number of the key security protocols and settings in the default setup.

LooksGood Media App – Built-in three main video library categories; movies, TV shows, home movies and smart video sorting management

• • The efficient global search function allows for searches by keywords followed by the execution of more detailed searches for the purpose of finding categories of movies, TV shows, home movies and parameters such as actors, director, year, genre, writer and title
  • Attractive poster wall and thumbnail display
  • Automatic production of video poster thumbnails
  • Centralized management and ability to configure the order of favourites and playlist history
  • The system administrator is able to configure video library and editing permissions according to user preferences
  • Can configure access permissions to share with
  • Multimedia conversion feature
  • Self-defined smart folder for video conversions
  • Supports digital TV recordings via digital
  • Easy streaming with Chromecast and DLNA
  • Supports playback of videos in Apple TV via AiVideos tvOS version

Plex – Hardware Transcoding (with a Plex Pass) is likely and with 1080p handled very well indeed, as well as some Plex 4K transcoding in H.265 (upto 60-80Mb bitrate) and the majority of H.264 Media upto 100Mb bitrate

Virtual Machines – A graphical embedded CPU like the one here will run Windows 10 and Android VMs very well. With the added support for Ubuntu and Hackintosh with VirtualBox. Then there is the option to scale up that memory to allow smoother VMs

Storage Management – BTRFS Support, as well as EXT4 for the traditionalist, Multiple Snapshot storage and browsing for recovery, a large number of ISCSI and LUN target creation, fast-acting SSD caching use. Remember that those M.2 NVMe SSD Bays can be used as both raw Pools and Caching

Network Management – Support of LAG, Load Balancing and virtual switches, as well as maintaining top transmission over 2.5/5/10Gbe for editing or gaming over the network. As well as Jumbo Frame control, DDNS automation, Wake on LAN support and internet/external NAS access with EZ Connect

Backups – Supporting a wide range of multi-tiered backup options that can be carried out simultaneously thanks to the powerful CPU in the Lockerstor and Nimbustor NAS systems, such as network RSync, USB Backups, NAS-2-NAS migration, Cloud Backups with Google Drive, Dropbox and Backblaze and numerous RAID levels internally for redundancy.

Content Management – Numerous Content Management Systems (CMS) and Customer Relationship Managers (CRMs) available in 1st and 3rd party forms, with simultaneous operations supported by this NAS

User Account Control – Supporting over 4,000 accounts, each with its own bespoke privileges and access levels, as well as grouping methods to automate the process easily

Security – AES 256bit hardware encryption on data in/out of the device, as well as over backup methods, with the Intel Celeron CPU in the AS6812X maintaining high R/W speeds throughout, as well as Windows ACL permission and configuration, auto blacklisting and multiple VPN provider support

Antivirus (ClamAV) – Scheduled Scans, Automatic Virus Definition Updates, Quarantine Infected Files

Download Center – Supports BT(Torrent & Magnet Link), HTTP and FTP Downloads, Torrent Search, Bandwidth Control, RSS Subscription and Automatic Downloading (Broadcatching), ASUSTOR Download Assistant for Windows & Mac

DropBox, OneDrive and Google Drive Sync – Each ADM Account is Able to Individually Log into one cloud Account, supporting Sync, Directly Upload Files to cloud from the NAS, or from cloud to NAS

Mail Server – Each ADM Account can Become an Independent Email Account, Provides SMTP, IMAP and POP3 Mail Protocols, Spam Filter and Black List Settings, Antivirus Scanning for Emails, Exclusive Email Backup Mechanism, Auto-Forwarding and Auto-Response Protocols

Photo Gallary – “Album” and “Browse” Viewing Modes, Manage Photo Album Access Rights: Public Access, Restricted to Certain Accounts, Album Password, Multi-level Folder Structure Support, Supports Tagging of Photos, One-click Sharing to Social Media (Facebook, Google+, Twitter, Plurk, email), Intuitive Drag and Drop Management, Slideshow Viewing Mode, Supports a Wide Range of Image Formats: JPG/JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, RAW and Supports Video Playback

Surveillance Center – Up to 64 channels in 720p on single live view display, On-screen camera controls including camera PTZ, manual recordings, take snapshots, configure camera settings and open Maps, Up to 4 channels of synchronous and non-synchronous playback with audio, Intelligent video analytics including motion detection and foreign object detection, Supported Browsers: Windows Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Mac Safari, Mac Firefox ESR, Event notification supports SMS, E-mail, and mobile push notification, AiSecure mobile app for iOS and Android with Push notification, Maximum IP Cam (4 Free Licenses; Additional Licenses to be Purchased)

Takeasy – Download from YouTube, Vimeo, Twitch and More, Selectable Video Type and Quality, Automatic Downloads with YouTube or Twitch Subscriptions, Preview Downloads in Progress and Online Playback

SoundsGood Audio App – Import Personal/Public Music Collection, Personal/Public Music Collection Permission Control, Playlist Editor, ID3 Tag Editor, Local Speaker Support: HDMI, USB, Audio Jack, Supported Audio Formats for Browser: MP3, WAV, Ogg, Supported Audio Formats for Transcoding Through Browser: AIFF, Flac, Supported Audio Formats for Local Speaker: MP3, WAV, Ogg, AIFF, Flac

Backup Tools – Rsync (Remote Sync) Backup, Cloud Backup, FTP Backup, External Backup, One-Touch Backup, EZ Sync, Btrfs Snapshots

These are just the tip of the iceberg and I will be going into more ADM 3.4 and AS6812X applications in the Software Review.

Here is how the Asustor ADM platform compares with the Synology DSM platform:

Flashstor Gen 2 Review Verdict & Conclusion

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 12-Bay NAS is a powerful and adaptable solution, tailor-made for professionals and enthusiasts who require cutting-edge storage capabilities. Its impressive hardware—featuring dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives—delivers performance that stands out in a crowded NAS market. Compact and efficient, it strikes a fine balance between raw power and practicality, making it an attractive choice for content creators, video editors, small businesses, and anyone needing high-speed, scalable storage. One of the key strengths of the Flashstor Gen 2 lies in its ability to handle demanding workflows. Whether you’re working on 4K video edits, hosting large-scale backups, or supporting collaborative environments with simultaneous access, this device consistently delivers reliable and rapid performance. The inclusion of USB 4.0 ports offers unparalleled flexibility, providing direct access for rapid transfers or external connectivity at speeds that rival the fastest storage solutions available today. These features position the NAS as more than just a storage system—it’s a versatile tool capable of meeting a variety of professional demands.

However, it’s not without its quirks. The mismatched PCIe speeds across the M.2 slots introduce complexity for users looking to create uniform RAID configurations, while the lack of M.2 heat sinks means additional planning is required to manage potential heat buildup, especially with high-performance Gen 4 drives. These limitations are not deal-breakers but do underscore the importance of understanding the device’s intricacies to get the most out of it. Users who are willing to invest time in optimizing their setup—or add aftermarket cooling—will find that these drawbacks are relatively minor in the grand scheme of what the Flashstor Gen 2 offers. Another standout feature is its quiet and efficient operation, making it ideal for 24/7 use in environments where noise and energy consumption are concerns. This is particularly relevant for studios, offices, or home setups where distractions must be kept to a minimum. Despite its compact design, the Flashstor Gen 2 handles thermal management effectively, leveraging dual fans and copper heat pipes to maintain stable temperatures during intensive tasks. Its power efficiency is equally commendable, ensuring it won’t become a burden on operating costs even when running continuously.

For those who prioritize hardware capabilities and performance above all else, the Flashstor Gen 2 delivers on its promises with aplomb. It’s a system built for those who value speed, flexibility, and scalability, though it does require some technical know-how to unlock its full potential. While it might not appeal to those seeking plug-and-play simplicity, it more than compensates with sheer performance and a robust set of connectivity options. In conclusion, the Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 is a forward-thinking NAS that sets a high standard for SSD-based storage solutions. It caters to professionals and enthusiasts who demand more from their systems, offering the tools and flexibility to manage the most complex storage needs. While not perfect, it is a device that rewards those who take the time to configure it properly, providing a storage platform that is both powerful and future-proof. For anyone serious about high-speed, reliable storage, the Flashstor Gen 2 is a worthy investment.

Need More Help Choosing the right NAS?

Choosing the right data storage solution for your needs can be very intimidating and it’s never too late to ask for help. With options ranging from NAS to DAS, Thunderbolt to SAS and connecting everything up so you can access all your lovely data at the touch of a button can be a lot simpler than you think. If you want some tips, guidance or help with everything from compatibility to suitability of a solution for you, why not drop me a message below and I will get back to you as soon as possible with what you should go for, its suitability and the best place to get it. This service is designed without profit in mind and in order to help you with your data storage needs, so I will try to answer your questions as soon as possible.

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In 2024, the network-attached storage (NAS) market has entered a new era, with SSD-based systems becoming increasingly mainstream. The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 exemplifies this shift, offering high-performance capabilities in a compact and versatile package. Designed for content creators, small businesses, and data-heavy enthusiasts, this NAS is available in six-bay and twelve-bay configurations, with the 12-bay model standing out as a powerhouse solution. This second-generation device builds on its predecessor’s success, leveraging advancements in hardware and connectivity to cater to modern demands. Equipped with an AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 quad-core processor, 16GB of DDR5 ECC memory, and 12 M.2 NVMe slots, the Flashstor Gen 2 is primed for high-speed storage and processing. Its focus on hardware capabilities, rather than purely software features, makes it a unique offering in the NAS space.

Asustor’s choice of components, including dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and a carefully optimized thermal design, signals its intention to appeal to professionals requiring robust performance. These features are particularly relevant for workflows like video editing, 3D rendering, and collaborative data sharing. With its balance of compactness and capability, the Flashstor Gen 2 has generated significant interest.

In this review, we’ll explore the Flashstor Gen 2’s design, performance, storage configuration, connectivity, power efficiency, and more. While the device is not without its quirks, it delivers a compelling package for those who demand high-speed, reliable storage.

Flashstor Gen 2 Review – Quick Conclusion

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 12-Bay NAS is a robust and versatile solution for users with demanding storage needs. Its combination of high-performance hardware, extensive connectivity options, and compact design makes it a standout choice for content creators, small businesses, and enthusiasts. With dual 10GbE ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives, it offers exceptional speed and scalability. While the device has a few quirks, such as its mixed PCIe slot speeds and lack of M.2 heat sinks, these are manageable with proper planning and aftermarket solutions. The Flashstor Gen 2 excels in raw performance, handling intensive workflows with ease and maintaining low noise levels even under load. Its power efficiency and robust thermal management further enhance its appeal for 24/7 operation. For users prioritizing hardware capabilities and performance, the Flashstor Gen 2 delivers on its promises. While its complexity may deter less experienced users, those with the technical expertise to configure and optimize the system will find it a valuable addition to their workflow.

SOFTWARE - 6/10

HARDWARE - 9/10

PERFORMANCE - 10/10

PRICE - 7/10

VALUE - 8/10

8.0

PROS

Exceptional Performance: Dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports and USB 4.0 connectivity deliver fast and reliable data transfer speeds, ideal for 4K editing and collaborative environments.
Extensive Storage Options: Supports up to 12 M.2 NVMe SSDs, allowing for large-scale, high-speed storage arrays.
ECC Memory Support: Includes 16GB of DDR5-4800 ECC memory (expandable to 64GB), ensuring data integrity for critical applications.
Compact Design: Small footprint makes it perfect for workspaces with limited room.
Quiet Operation: Dual-fan system keeps noise levels low, even under heavy loads.
Flexible Connectivity: Features two USB 4.0 Type-C ports and three USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports for direct storage access and peripheral integration.
Power Efficiency: Low power consumption (32.2W idle, 56W under load) makes it economical to run, even for 24/7 operation.
Thermal Management Enhancements: Dual fans and copper heat pipes efficiently dissipate heat, ensuring stable performance.
Support for Third-Party Operating Systems: Compatible with platforms like TrueNAS and Unraid for advanced customization.

CONS

Mixed PCIe Slot Speeds: Inconsistent PCIe bandwidth across M.2 slots complicates unified RAID configurations.
Lack of M.2 Heat Sinks: NVMe slots do not include heat sinks, requiring aftermarket cooling solutions for intensive workloads.
No Integrated Graphics: The AMD Ryzen V3C14 processor lacks integrated graphics, limiting hardware transcoding and multimedia capabilities.
Steep Price: The 12-bay model’s cost ($1,300–$1,400) and the six-bay version’s lack of ECC memory make them expensive compared to alternatives.

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Flashstor 2 Design and Build

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 impresses with its compact design, measuring just 48.3mm (H) x 308.26mm (W) x 193mm (D). Its compact size belies the immense capability housed within, including support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives. This layout makes it well-suited for professional environments where space efficiency and quiet operation are critical.

The choice of hardware components further solidifies its status as a high-performance NAS.

At the heart of the device is the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 processor, a quad-core CPU clocked at 2.3GHz with a boost speed of up to 3.8GHz.

It supports 16GB of DDR5-4800 ECC memory, which is expandable up to 64GB, catering to users with intensive storage and processing requirements. ECC memory enhances data reliability, making this NAS suitable for mission-critical workflows.

The system’s chassis is thoughtfully designed for durability and accessibility. Internal components, such as the NVMe slots, are easily accessible for maintenance or upgrades. The 12-bay configuration maximizes storage potential, making it ideal for users managing large-scale projects or requiring extensive data redundancy.

Despite its compact size, the Flashstor Gen 2’s design includes practical enhancements for thermal efficiency, which we’ll discuss further in the performance section. Overall, the hardware selection and physical layout highlight Asustor’s focus on balancing power and practicality.

Performance and Heat Management on the Flashstor Gen 2

The Flashstor Gen 2 is engineered to deliver top-tier performance, leveraging its powerful hardware and advanced connectivity.

Testing showed the device consistently saturating single 10-Gigabit Ethernet connections during file transfers, with dual connections offering even greater throughput.

Its USB 4.0 ports also demonstrated exceptional performance, exceeding 1,700 MB/s in single-threaded tests. These results underscore the NAS’s ability to handle high-demand workflows like video editing and real-time collaboration.

Thermal management is a crucial consideration for SSD-based NAS devices, and Asustor has made notable efforts in this area. The Flashstor Gen 2 employs dual cooling fans, one dedicated to the CPU, as well as copper heat pipes to dissipate heat from the M.2 NVMe slots. These measures effectively manage the heat generated by the Gen 4 SSDs, which maintained stable temperatures during intensive use.

However, some limitations remain. The top-mounted M.2 drives lack active cooling, resulting in localized heat buildup during prolonged usage. While temperatures remained below critical thresholds during testing, the absence of heat sinks for the M.2 slots is a noticeable drawback, particularly for users planning continuous heavy workloads. Asustor could address this with an included cooling solution to better accommodate the higher heat output of Gen 4 drives.

Power consumption during operation was modest, averaging 32.2W and peaking at 56W under load. Coupled with the efficient thermal management and quiet operation, these characteristics make the Flashstor Gen 2 a solid choice for 24/7 use in professional environments where noise and energy efficiency are priorities.

Flashstor Gen 2 Storage Configuration and Lane/Speeds

The storage configuration of the Flashstor Gen 2 offers immense potential, with 12 M.2 NVMe slots enabling substantial storage arrays. However, the allocation of PCIe speeds across these slots is uneven, leading to a complex setup process. The slots are divided as follows:

• 1 x Gen 4×4
• 3 x Gen 4×2
• 4 x Gen 4×1
• 1 x Gen 3×4
• 1 x Gen 3×2
• 2 x Gen 3×1

This configuration allows for flexibility but also introduces challenges for users seeking uniform performance across RAID arrays. It is more practical to configure the drives into multiple independent pools rather than a unified array, as the differing speeds can create bottlenecks. For users planning large-scale data storage, careful planning of drive allocation will be essential.

Despite this complexity, the performance of individual slots was impressive. Single 10GbE connections were fully saturated during file transfers, while multi-channel configurations demonstrated even greater throughput. Testing with dual 10GbE connections showed that the device could handle heavy data loads across different RAID pools simultaneously.

For professionals with demanding storage requirements, the Flashstor Gen 2 offers the capacity and speed to meet their needs. While the mixed PCIe speeds might deter some users, those with the technical expertise to optimize configurations will find significant performance benefits.

Flashstor Gen 2 Ports and Connections

The Flashstor Gen 2 offers an impressive array of ports, catering to a variety of workflows and setups. The device includes dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, two USB 4.0 Type-C ports, and three USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports, ensuring ample connectivity for both networked and direct-attached use cases.

The dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports provide high-speed networking capabilities, supporting SMB multichannel for simultaneous data streams. This feature is especially useful for collaborative environments or workflows requiring simultaneous access by multiple users. During testing, the dual connections consistently delivered excellent throughput, making them ideal for demanding tasks such as video editing or real-time data processing.

The USB 4.0 Type-C ports are a standout feature, offering 20Gbps speeds each. These ports enable high-speed direct access to the NAS, expanding its use cases to include direct-attached storage scenarios. Testing showed that these ports performed exceptionally well, with transfer speeds exceeding 1,700 MB/s, making them a valuable addition for professionals needing rapid data access.

The three USB 3.2 Gen 2 ports add further versatility, supporting 10Gbps speeds for external storage devices or additional peripherals. Together, these ports create a highly adaptable system capable of integrating seamlessly into diverse workflows. Whether used for networking, direct storage access, or peripheral connections, the Flashstor Gen 2’s ports make it a flexible and powerful tool for professionals.

Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 NAS Software – ADM5

The Asustor AS6812X NAS arrives with the latest version of ADM 5 included. Additionally, this software receives frequent updates to ensure that the software runs the very best it can on the Lockerstor, as well as keeping up to date with security patches and application versions. The NAS software is accessible via a web browser and displayed very much like a normal computer operating system (desktop, user accounts, customizable themes, file management, running multiple tasks in windows that can be switched in the native tabs), but there are also a range of desktop client tools for accessing the NAS on your local machine natively, as well as a whole bunch of mobile applications that allow tailored access from your phone/tablet in more task-specific means (eg a photo app for viewing pictures and creating phone backup routines, a video app for enjoying your movies and boxsets, surveillance app to access your cameras, etc).  There is also a large range of support of 3rd party applications too in the ADM platform. Asustor is not as big a company as the likes of Synology and QNAP, whole put ALOT more money into their software development, but Asustor try to counter this by (when they do not have an in-house app) making native versions of 3rd party tools in their platform (example, they do not have a 1st party Virtual Machine app, but DO include huge support for VirtualBox). The platform is not quite as fully featured as DSM and QTS, but it is still a very smooth and accessible software platform. The app center has a few more 3rd party applications and slightly crowbarred software (eg the Amazon Media and Streaming service plugins) that is not updated up the original uploaders anywhere near enough (leading to running issues on these tools), but the 1st party apps run very well. The big takeaway on the Asustor software and it’s services is that the standard class of expected features of a modern NAS in 2024/2025 are here and run exactly as you would want, it is just some of the additional ones that other platforms have doubled down on (such as AI-related services in Photography and Surveillance for example) that are a little lacking. That said, the brand has definitetl ramped up a number of the key security protocols and settings in the default setup.

LooksGood Media App – Built-in three main video library categories; movies, TV shows, home movies and smart video sorting management

• • The efficient global search function allows for searches by keywords followed by the execution of more detailed searches for the purpose of finding categories of movies, TV shows, home movies and parameters such as actors, director, year, genre, writer and title
  • Attractive poster wall and thumbnail display
  • Automatic production of video poster thumbnails
  • Centralized management and ability to configure the order of favourites and playlist history
  • The system administrator is able to configure video library and editing permissions according to user preferences
  • Can configure access permissions to share with
  • Multimedia conversion feature
  • Self-defined smart folder for video conversions
  • Supports digital TV recordings via digital
  • Easy streaming with Chromecast and DLNA
  • Supports playback of videos in Apple TV via AiVideos tvOS version

Plex – Hardware Transcoding (with a Plex Pass) is likely and with 1080p handled very well indeed, as well as some Plex 4K transcoding in H.265 (upto 60-80Mb bitrate) and the majority of H.264 Media upto 100Mb bitrate

Virtual Machines – A graphical embedded CPU like the one here will run Windows 10 and Android VMs very well. With the added support for Ubuntu and Hackintosh with VirtualBox. Then there is the option to scale up that memory to allow smoother VMs

Storage Management – BTRFS Support, as well as EXT4 for the traditionalist, Multiple Snapshot storage and browsing for recovery, a large number of ISCSI and LUN target creation, fast-acting SSD caching use. Remember that those M.2 NVMe SSD Bays can be used as both raw Pools and Caching

Network Management – Support of LAG, Load Balancing and virtual switches, as well as maintaining top transmission over 2.5/5/10Gbe for editing or gaming over the network. As well as Jumbo Frame control, DDNS automation, Wake on LAN support and internet/external NAS access with EZ Connect

Backups – Supporting a wide range of multi-tiered backup options that can be carried out simultaneously thanks to the powerful CPU in the Lockerstor and Nimbustor NAS systems, such as network RSync, USB Backups, NAS-2-NAS migration, Cloud Backups with Google Drive, Dropbox and Backblaze and numerous RAID levels internally for redundancy.

Content Management – Numerous Content Management Systems (CMS) and Customer Relationship Managers (CRMs) available in 1st and 3rd party forms, with simultaneous operations supported by this NAS

User Account Control – Supporting over 4,000 accounts, each with its own bespoke privileges and access levels, as well as grouping methods to automate the process easily

Security – AES 256bit hardware encryption on data in/out of the device, as well as over backup methods, with the Intel Celeron CPU in the AS6812X maintaining high R/W speeds throughout, as well as Windows ACL permission and configuration, auto blacklisting and multiple VPN provider support

Antivirus (ClamAV) – Scheduled Scans, Automatic Virus Definition Updates, Quarantine Infected Files

Download Center – Supports BT(Torrent & Magnet Link), HTTP and FTP Downloads, Torrent Search, Bandwidth Control, RSS Subscription and Automatic Downloading (Broadcatching), ASUSTOR Download Assistant for Windows & Mac

DropBox, OneDrive and Google Drive Sync – Each ADM Account is Able to Individually Log into one cloud Account, supporting Sync, Directly Upload Files to cloud from the NAS, or from cloud to NAS

Mail Server – Each ADM Account can Become an Independent Email Account, Provides SMTP, IMAP and POP3 Mail Protocols, Spam Filter and Black List Settings, Antivirus Scanning for Emails, Exclusive Email Backup Mechanism, Auto-Forwarding and Auto-Response Protocols

Photo Gallary – “Album” and “Browse” Viewing Modes, Manage Photo Album Access Rights: Public Access, Restricted to Certain Accounts, Album Password, Multi-level Folder Structure Support, Supports Tagging of Photos, One-click Sharing to Social Media (Facebook, Google+, Twitter, Plurk, email), Intuitive Drag and Drop Management, Slideshow Viewing Mode, Supports a Wide Range of Image Formats: JPG/JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, RAW and Supports Video Playback

Surveillance Center – Up to 64 channels in 720p on single live view display, On-screen camera controls including camera PTZ, manual recordings, take snapshots, configure camera settings and open Maps, Up to 4 channels of synchronous and non-synchronous playback with audio, Intelligent video analytics including motion detection and foreign object detection, Supported Browsers: Windows Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Mac Safari, Mac Firefox ESR, Event notification supports SMS, E-mail, and mobile push notification, AiSecure mobile app for iOS and Android with Push notification, Maximum IP Cam (4 Free Licenses; Additional Licenses to be Purchased)

Takeasy – Download from YouTube, Vimeo, Twitch and More, Selectable Video Type and Quality, Automatic Downloads with YouTube or Twitch Subscriptions, Preview Downloads in Progress and Online Playback

SoundsGood Audio App – Import Personal/Public Music Collection, Personal/Public Music Collection Permission Control, Playlist Editor, ID3 Tag Editor, Local Speaker Support: HDMI, USB, Audio Jack, Supported Audio Formats for Browser: MP3, WAV, Ogg, Supported Audio Formats for Transcoding Through Browser: AIFF, Flac, Supported Audio Formats for Local Speaker: MP3, WAV, Ogg, AIFF, Flac

Backup Tools – Rsync (Remote Sync) Backup, Cloud Backup, FTP Backup, External Backup, One-Touch Backup, EZ Sync, Btrfs Snapshots

These are just the tip of the iceberg and I will be going into more ADM 3.4 and AS6812X applications in the Software Review.

Here is how the Asustor ADM platform compares with the Synology DSM platform:

Flashstor Gen 2 Review Verdict & Conclusion

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 12-Bay NAS is a powerful and adaptable solution, tailor-made for professionals and enthusiasts who require cutting-edge storage capabilities. Its impressive hardware—featuring dual 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, USB 4.0 connectivity, and support for up to 12 M.2 NVMe drives—delivers performance that stands out in a crowded NAS market. Compact and efficient, it strikes a fine balance between raw power and practicality, making it an attractive choice for content creators, video editors, small businesses, and anyone needing high-speed, scalable storage. One of the key strengths of the Flashstor Gen 2 lies in its ability to handle demanding workflows. Whether you’re working on 4K video edits, hosting large-scale backups, or supporting collaborative environments with simultaneous access, this device consistently delivers reliable and rapid performance. The inclusion of USB 4.0 ports offers unparalleled flexibility, providing direct access for rapid transfers or external connectivity at speeds that rival the fastest storage solutions available today. These features position the NAS as more than just a storage system—it’s a versatile tool capable of meeting a variety of professional demands.

However, it’s not without its quirks. The mismatched PCIe speeds across the M.2 slots introduce complexity for users looking to create uniform RAID configurations, while the lack of M.2 heat sinks means additional planning is required to manage potential heat buildup, especially with high-performance Gen 4 drives. These limitations are not deal-breakers but do underscore the importance of understanding the device’s intricacies to get the most out of it. Users who are willing to invest time in optimizing their setup—or add aftermarket cooling—will find that these drawbacks are relatively minor in the grand scheme of what the Flashstor Gen 2 offers. Another standout feature is its quiet and efficient operation, making it ideal for 24/7 use in environments where noise and energy consumption are concerns. This is particularly relevant for studios, offices, or home setups where distractions must be kept to a minimum. Despite its compact design, the Flashstor Gen 2 handles thermal management effectively, leveraging dual fans and copper heat pipes to maintain stable temperatures during intensive tasks. Its power efficiency is equally commendable, ensuring it won’t become a burden on operating costs even when running continuously.

For those who prioritize hardware capabilities and performance above all else, the Flashstor Gen 2 delivers on its promises with aplomb. It’s a system built for those who value speed, flexibility, and scalability, though it does require some technical know-how to unlock its full potential. While it might not appeal to those seeking plug-and-play simplicity, it more than compensates with sheer performance and a robust set of connectivity options. In conclusion, the Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 is a forward-thinking NAS that sets a high standard for SSD-based storage solutions. It caters to professionals and enthusiasts who demand more from their systems, offering the tools and flexibility to manage the most complex storage needs. While not perfect, it is a device that rewards those who take the time to configure it properly, providing a storage platform that is both powerful and future-proof. For anyone serious about high-speed, reliable storage, the Flashstor Gen 2 is a worthy investment.

Need More Help Choosing the right NAS?

Choosing the right data storage solution for your needs can be very intimidating and it’s never too late to ask for help. With options ranging from NAS to DAS, Thunderbolt to SAS and connecting everything up so you can access all your lovely data at the touch of a button can be a lot simpler than you think. If you want some tips, guidance or help with everything from compatibility to suitability of a solution for you, why not drop me a message below and I will get back to you as soon as possible with what you should go for, its suitability and the best place to get it. This service is designed without profit in mind and in order to help you with your data storage needs, so I will try to answer your questions as soon as possible.

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Finally, for free advice about your setup, just leave a message in the comments below here at NASCompares.com and we will get back to you. Need Help? Where possible (and where appropriate) please provide as much information about your requirements, as then I can arrange the best answer and solution to your needs. Do not worry about your e-mail address being required, it will NOT be used in a mailing list and will NOT be used in any way other than to respond to your enquiry. [contact-form-7] TRY CHAT Terms and Conditions

If you like this service, please consider supporting us. We use affiliate links on the blog allowing NAScompares information and advice service to be free of charge to you.Anything you purchase on the day you click on our links will generate a small commission which isused to run the website. Here is a link for Amazon and B&H.You can also get me a Ko-fi or old school Paypal. Thanks!To find out more about how to support this advice service check HEREIf you need to fix or configure a NAS, check Fiver Have you thought about helping others with your knowledge? Find Instructions Here  

 

Or support us by using our affiliate links on Amazon UK and Amazon US

    

 

Alternatively, why not ask me on the ASK NASCompares forum, by clicking the button below. This is a community hub that serves as a place that I can answer your question, chew the fat, share new release information and even get corrections posted. I will always get around to answering ALL queries, but as a one-man operation, I cannot promise speed! So by sharing your query in the ASK NASCompares section below, you can get a better range of solutions and suggestions, alongside my own.

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*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

Asustor recently introduced its Flashstor Gen 2 NAS series, which includes two updated models: the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X). These models are direct successors to the Flashstor 6 Gen 1 (FS6706T) and Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 1 (FS6712X), released in 2023, and aim to deliver upgraded hardware capabilities, connectivity enhancements, and improved thermal management. The Gen 2 series incorporates advanced features tailored to meet the needs of creative professionals, small business users, and others requiring robust, high-performance data storage solutions. Asustor’s updates focus on performance gains that are designed to handle the increasingly demanding data workflows of media professionals, including video editing, content management, and large-scale data processing, bringing these NAS devices closer to Asustor’s higher-tier Lockerstor series released last month.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series brings substantial upgrades over the original Gen 1 models, focusing on enhanced processing power, improved connectivity, and increased data management capabilities. The most notable change is the transition from the Intel Celeron N5105 processor in Gen 1 to the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 in Gen 2. This AMD quad-core processor offers higher clock speeds and significantly more efficient data handling, making the Gen 2 series better suited for intensive applications like 4K video editing and complex file management. Memory has also been upgraded, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 equipped with 16 GB of ECC DDR5-4800 RAM, compared to the 4 GB DDR4 memory in Gen 1.

The introduction of ECC memory in the 12-bay Gen 2 model ensures data integrity, which is crucial for professionals managing mission-critical data. In addition to processing and memory enhancements, the Gen 2 series incorporates faster networking and expanded storage options. While Gen 1 models included either dual 2.5GbE ports or a single 10GbE port, the Gen 2 models provide either one or two 10GbE ports with SMB multichannel support, allowing for high-speed, stable connections suited to heavy data traffic. Both Gen 2 models are also equipped with two USB4 ports, allowing users to connect Thunderbolt 4 devices at up to 40 Gbps, a major connectivity leap over the Gen 1’s USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 ports. Storage capabilities have been upgraded, with Gen 2 models supporting PCIe Gen 4 M.2 slots, enabling faster NVMe SSD performance than the Gen 1’s Gen 3 support. These improvements make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a more powerful and versatile option, particularly for users with demanding storage and performance requirements.

At the core of both Flashstor Gen 2 models is the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 processor. This quad-core, 6nm chip offers a base frequency of 2.3 GHz and can boost up to 3.8 GHz, significantly increasing processing power over the Intel Celeron N5105 found in the Gen 1 models. The transition to the Ryzen V3C14 processor provides enhanced data handling capabilities, which can support heavier processing tasks, such as 4K video editing and real-time data transfer, without compromising system stability. The new processor also brings improved PCIe lane distribution, which allows the Gen 2 series to effectively manage data flow, making the devices well-suited for high-throughput workflows. The increased processing power is a considerable step up for Asustor’s Flashstor lineup, positioning the Gen 2 models as versatile solutions for users seeking a powerful NAS capable of handling professional-level tasks.

One of the standout features of the Flashstor Gen 2 series is its support for 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) connectivity, a notable improvement from the 2.5GbE ports on the Gen 1 models. The Flashstor 6 Gen 2 includes a single 10GbE port, while the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 offers dual 10GbE ports with support for SMB multichannel. The addition of these high-speed ports is aimed at users with high data transfer needs, such as those handling large video files or extensive data backups, as it allows for faster, more stable access to stored content.

The dual 10GbE configuration on the 12-bay model also provides redundancy for users who need uninterrupted network access. With 10GbE capabilities, these models meet the needs of modern, data-intensive work environments, offering the speed necessary for seamless multi-user access and facilitating efficient data movement in creative and business settings alike.

Memory capabilities have also seen significant improvements, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 now featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM, while the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 includes 16 GB of server-grade DDR5-4800 ECC (Error-Correcting Code) memory. ECC memory support in the 12-bay model offers enhanced data integrity, as ECC detects and corrects memory errors, reducing the likelihood of corrupted files, particularly useful for data-sensitive applications. Both devices can support up to 64 GB of RAM, and while ECC functionality is available only if all memory slots are populated with ECC RAM, this feature appeals to users handling high-value or mission-critical data. The inclusion of ECC memory in the 12 Pro Gen 2 model positions it as a reliable option for professionals requiring data accuracy, stability, and resilience against memory-related errors, offering an additional layer of security within demanding data environments.

In terms of storage, the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 offers twelve M.2 NVMe SSD slots, which are compatible with both PCIe Gen 3 and Gen 4 SSDs. This mixed-generation SSD compatibility is intended to give users flexibility in managing costs and performance, allowing them to mix and match drives according to their specific storage needs and budgets. However, Asustor has indicated that the M.2 slots on the 12-bay model will not operate at identical speeds due to varied PCIe lane allocations, though exact details are yet to be fully confirmed. Meanwhile, the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 features six M.2 NVMe slots, all of which support PCIe Gen 4, providing a consistent, high-speed storage option for users who prioritize uniform performance across storage bays. Both models are designed to cater to demanding storage setups, making them suitable for high-resolution media storage, real-time editing, and other intensive applications.

The Flashstor Gen 2 series also brings upgraded connectivity options with the inclusion of two USB4 ports compatible with Thunderbolt 4. These USB4 ports, capable of data transfer rates up to 40 Gbps, allow for direct, high-speed connections between the NAS and other storage devices, facilitating rapid data synchronization and backups. This capability provides flexibility for users who require additional storage units or direct connections without relying solely on network resources. USB4 compatibility represents a significant connectivity upgrade, broadening the range of devices that can be connected directly to the NAS. As Thunderbolt 4 devices continue to become more widespread, the Gen 2 series positions itself as a future-ready option, allowing users to take advantage of faster, more efficient transfer protocols and versatile connections across a broad range of peripherals.

Cooling is another area where Asustor has focused its attention with the Gen 2 series. Recognizing the increased power demand and heat generation from the Ryzen V3C14 processor and PCIe Gen 4 SSDs, Asustor has upgraded the Flashstor Gen 2 models with a dual-fan system and advanced copper heat pipes. This enhanced cooling system is intended to handle the increased thermal load and maintain optimal performance without overheating. The previous Gen 1 models relied on a single fan, which may have limited their ability to sustain high-performance tasks over extended periods. The improved thermal management in the Gen 2 series ensures that the devices can operate at high efficiency while remaining quiet, a crucial factor for users working in professional environments where consistent performance and low noise levels are essential.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series brings substantial upgrades over the original Gen 1 models, focusing on enhanced processing power, improved connectivity, and increased data management capabilities. The most notable change is the transition from the Intel Celeron N5105 processor in Gen 1 to the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 in Gen 2. This AMD quad-core processor offers higher clock speeds and significantly more efficient data handling, making the Gen 2 series better suited for intensive applications like 4K video editing and complex file management. Memory has also been upgraded, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 equipped with 16 GB of ECC DDR5-4800 RAM, compared to the 4 GB DDR4 memory in Gen 1. The introduction of ECC memory in the 12-bay Gen 2 model ensures data integrity, which is crucial for professionals managing mission-critical data.

In addition to processing and memory enhancements, the Gen 2 series incorporates faster networking and expanded storage options. While Gen 1 models included either dual 2.5GbE ports or a single 10GbE port, the Gen 2 models provide either one or two 10GbE ports with SMB multichannel support, allowing for high-speed, stable connections suited to heavy data traffic. Both Gen 2 models are also equipped with two USB4 ports, allowing users to connect Thunderbolt 4 devices at up to 40 Gbps, a major connectivity leap over the Gen 1’s USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 ports. Storage capabilities have been upgraded, with Gen 2 models supporting PCIe Gen 4 M.2 slots, enabling faster NVMe SSD performance than the Gen 1’s Gen 3 support. These improvements make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a more powerful and versatile option, particularly for users with demanding storage and performance requirements. The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series emphasizes security and data integrity through features such as ECC memory in the 12-bay model and the stability offered by 10GbE networking. With support for Asustor’s DataSync Center and SMB backup features, users are provided with multiple options for data management, including backup and synchronization within a local network or across other storage environments. These features make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a well-rounded solution for those looking to secure and manage their data efficiently, addressing the needs of both professional and personal users who value data security and system reliability in their NAS systems.

Flashstor Gen 2 Price, Release and Availability

With pricing set to range between $950 and $999 for the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 and around $1,339 for the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2, Asustor’s new NAS models are positioned as premium options within the NAS market. These devices are expected to hit shelves within the next week, making them available for users needing a high-performance storage solution before the end of the year. The Flashstor Gen 1 models, which feature less powerful CPUs and lower connectivity speeds, will continue to be sold as budget-friendly alternatives for users who do not require the advanced capabilities of the Gen 2 models. By offering both generations side-by-side, Asustor provides options that cater to a range of budgets and performance needs, allowing users to select the device best suited to their workload requirements.

The Flashstor Gen 2 models will be available next week, marking a significant release in Asustor’s product line-up for 2024. These devices offer a comprehensive blend of enhanced connectivity, advanced processing power, and efficient cooling systems, which cater to the needs of professionals in content creation, data management, and small business environments. With the additional connectivity options, robust network capabilities, and improved data security features, the Gen 2 series establishes itself as a valuable asset for users requiring a powerful, high-performance NAS that is ready to meet the demands of modern data workflows.

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*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

Asustor recently introduced its Flashstor Gen 2 NAS series, which includes two updated models: the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X). These models are direct successors to the Flashstor 6 Gen 1 (FS6706T) and Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 1 (FS6712X), released in 2023, and aim to deliver upgraded hardware capabilities, connectivity enhancements, and improved thermal management. The Gen 2 series incorporates advanced features tailored to meet the needs of creative professionals, small business users, and others requiring robust, high-performance data storage solutions. Asustor’s updates focus on performance gains that are designed to handle the increasingly demanding data workflows of media professionals, including video editing, content management, and large-scale data processing, bringing these NAS devices closer to Asustor’s higher-tier Lockerstor series released last month.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series brings substantial upgrades over the original Gen 1 models, focusing on enhanced processing power, improved connectivity, and increased data management capabilities. The most notable change is the transition from the Intel Celeron N5105 processor in Gen 1 to the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 in Gen 2. This AMD quad-core processor offers higher clock speeds and significantly more efficient data handling, making the Gen 2 series better suited for intensive applications like 4K video editing and complex file management. Memory has also been upgraded, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 equipped with 16 GB of ECC DDR5-4800 RAM, compared to the 4 GB DDR4 memory in Gen 1.

The introduction of ECC memory in the 12-bay Gen 2 model ensures data integrity, which is crucial for professionals managing mission-critical data. In addition to processing and memory enhancements, the Gen 2 series incorporates faster networking and expanded storage options. While Gen 1 models included either dual 2.5GbE ports or a single 10GbE port, the Gen 2 models provide either one or two 10GbE ports with SMB multichannel support, allowing for high-speed, stable connections suited to heavy data traffic. Both Gen 2 models are also equipped with two USB4 ports, allowing users to connect Thunderbolt 4 devices at up to 40 Gbps, a major connectivity leap over the Gen 1’s USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 ports. Storage capabilities have been upgraded, with Gen 2 models supporting PCIe Gen 4 M.2 slots, enabling faster NVMe SSD performance than the Gen 1’s Gen 3 support. These improvements make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a more powerful and versatile option, particularly for users with demanding storage and performance requirements.

At the core of both Flashstor Gen 2 models is the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 processor. This quad-core, 6nm chip offers a base frequency of 2.3 GHz and can boost up to 3.8 GHz, significantly increasing processing power over the Intel Celeron N5105 found in the Gen 1 models. The transition to the Ryzen V3C14 processor provides enhanced data handling capabilities, which can support heavier processing tasks, such as 4K video editing and real-time data transfer, without compromising system stability. The new processor also brings improved PCIe lane distribution, which allows the Gen 2 series to effectively manage data flow, making the devices well-suited for high-throughput workflows. The increased processing power is a considerable step up for Asustor’s Flashstor lineup, positioning the Gen 2 models as versatile solutions for users seeking a powerful NAS capable of handling professional-level tasks.

One of the standout features of the Flashstor Gen 2 series is its support for 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) connectivity, a notable improvement from the 2.5GbE ports on the Gen 1 models. The Flashstor 6 Gen 2 includes a single 10GbE port, while the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 offers dual 10GbE ports with support for SMB multichannel. The addition of these high-speed ports is aimed at users with high data transfer needs, such as those handling large video files or extensive data backups, as it allows for faster, more stable access to stored content.

The dual 10GbE configuration on the 12-bay model also provides redundancy for users who need uninterrupted network access. With 10GbE capabilities, these models meet the needs of modern, data-intensive work environments, offering the speed necessary for seamless multi-user access and facilitating efficient data movement in creative and business settings alike.

Memory capabilities have also seen significant improvements, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 now featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM, while the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 includes 16 GB of server-grade DDR5-4800 ECC (Error-Correcting Code) memory. ECC memory support in the 12-bay model offers enhanced data integrity, as ECC detects and corrects memory errors, reducing the likelihood of corrupted files, particularly useful for data-sensitive applications. Both devices can support up to 64 GB of RAM, and while ECC functionality is available only if all memory slots are populated with ECC RAM, this feature appeals to users handling high-value or mission-critical data. The inclusion of ECC memory in the 12 Pro Gen 2 model positions it as a reliable option for professionals requiring data accuracy, stability, and resilience against memory-related errors, offering an additional layer of security within demanding data environments.

In terms of storage, the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 offers twelve M.2 NVMe SSD slots, which are compatible with both PCIe Gen 3 and Gen 4 SSDs. This mixed-generation SSD compatibility is intended to give users flexibility in managing costs and performance, allowing them to mix and match drives according to their specific storage needs and budgets. However, Asustor has indicated that the M.2 slots on the 12-bay model will not operate at identical speeds due to varied PCIe lane allocations, though exact details are yet to be fully confirmed. Meanwhile, the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 features six M.2 NVMe slots, all of which support PCIe Gen 4, providing a consistent, high-speed storage option for users who prioritize uniform performance across storage bays. Both models are designed to cater to demanding storage setups, making them suitable for high-resolution media storage, real-time editing, and other intensive applications.

The Flashstor Gen 2 series also brings upgraded connectivity options with the inclusion of two USB4 ports compatible with Thunderbolt 4. These USB4 ports, capable of data transfer rates up to 40 Gbps, allow for direct, high-speed connections between the NAS and other storage devices, facilitating rapid data synchronization and backups. This capability provides flexibility for users who require additional storage units or direct connections without relying solely on network resources. USB4 compatibility represents a significant connectivity upgrade, broadening the range of devices that can be connected directly to the NAS. As Thunderbolt 4 devices continue to become more widespread, the Gen 2 series positions itself as a future-ready option, allowing users to take advantage of faster, more efficient transfer protocols and versatile connections across a broad range of peripherals.

Cooling is another area where Asustor has focused its attention with the Gen 2 series. Recognizing the increased power demand and heat generation from the Ryzen V3C14 processor and PCIe Gen 4 SSDs, Asustor has upgraded the Flashstor Gen 2 models with a dual-fan system and advanced copper heat pipes. This enhanced cooling system is intended to handle the increased thermal load and maintain optimal performance without overheating. The previous Gen 1 models relied on a single fan, which may have limited their ability to sustain high-performance tasks over extended periods. The improved thermal management in the Gen 2 series ensures that the devices can operate at high efficiency while remaining quiet, a crucial factor for users working in professional environments where consistent performance and low noise levels are essential.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series brings substantial upgrades over the original Gen 1 models, focusing on enhanced processing power, improved connectivity, and increased data management capabilities. The most notable change is the transition from the Intel Celeron N5105 processor in Gen 1 to the AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 in Gen 2. This AMD quad-core processor offers higher clock speeds and significantly more efficient data handling, making the Gen 2 series better suited for intensive applications like 4K video editing and complex file management. Memory has also been upgraded, with the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 featuring 8 GB of DDR5-4800 RAM and the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 equipped with 16 GB of ECC DDR5-4800 RAM, compared to the 4 GB DDR4 memory in Gen 1. The introduction of ECC memory in the 12-bay Gen 2 model ensures data integrity, which is crucial for professionals managing mission-critical data.

In addition to processing and memory enhancements, the Gen 2 series incorporates faster networking and expanded storage options. While Gen 1 models included either dual 2.5GbE ports or a single 10GbE port, the Gen 2 models provide either one or two 10GbE ports with SMB multichannel support, allowing for high-speed, stable connections suited to heavy data traffic. Both Gen 2 models are also equipped with two USB4 ports, allowing users to connect Thunderbolt 4 devices at up to 40 Gbps, a major connectivity leap over the Gen 1’s USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 ports. Storage capabilities have been upgraded, with Gen 2 models supporting PCIe Gen 4 M.2 slots, enabling faster NVMe SSD performance than the Gen 1’s Gen 3 support. These improvements make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a more powerful and versatile option, particularly for users with demanding storage and performance requirements. The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series emphasizes security and data integrity through features such as ECC memory in the 12-bay model and the stability offered by 10GbE networking. With support for Asustor’s DataSync Center and SMB backup features, users are provided with multiple options for data management, including backup and synchronization within a local network or across other storage environments. These features make the Flashstor Gen 2 series a well-rounded solution for those looking to secure and manage their data efficiently, addressing the needs of both professional and personal users who value data security and system reliability in their NAS systems.

Flashstor Gen 2 Price, Release and Availability

With pricing set to range between $950 and $999 for the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 and around $1,339 for the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2, Asustor’s new NAS models are positioned as premium options within the NAS market. These devices are expected to hit shelves within the next week, making them available for users needing a high-performance storage solution before the end of the year. The Flashstor Gen 1 models, which feature less powerful CPUs and lower connectivity speeds, will continue to be sold as budget-friendly alternatives for users who do not require the advanced capabilities of the Gen 2 models. By offering both generations side-by-side, Asustor provides options that cater to a range of budgets and performance needs, allowing users to select the device best suited to their workload requirements.

The Flashstor Gen 2 models will be available next week, marking a significant release in Asustor’s product line-up for 2024. These devices offer a comprehensive blend of enhanced connectivity, advanced processing power, and efficient cooling systems, which cater to the needs of professionals in content creation, data management, and small business environments. With the additional connectivity options, robust network capabilities, and improved data security features, the Gen 2 series establishes itself as a valuable asset for users requiring a powerful, high-performance NAS that is ready to meet the demands of modern data workflows.

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This description contains links to Amazon. These links will take you to some of the products mentioned in today's content. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Visit the NASCompares Deal Finder to find the best place to buy this device in your region, based on Service, Support and Reputation - Just Search for your NAS Drive in the Box Below

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If you like this service, please consider supporting us. We use affiliate links on the blog allowing NAScompares information and advice service to be free of charge to you.Anything you purchase on the day you click on our links will generate a small commission which isused to run the website. Here is a link for Amazon and B&H.You can also get me a Ko-fi or old school Paypal. Thanks!To find out more about how to support this advice service check HEREIf you need to fix or configure a NAS, check Fiver Have you thought about helping others with your knowledge? Find Instructions Here  

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*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

Note – An Update on the hardware, Performance , PCI Lanes on the M.2 and more is now live HERE on YouTube and HERE on the NASCompares Blog

I do not think it would be an understatement to say that one of the stand-out devices in the world of NAS last year was the Asustor Flashstor NAS series, managing to hit a fantastic sweet spot for users looking at NVMe SSD NAS storage that arrived at an affordable pricepoint, whilst giving you tremendous value for money. Since then, several alternatives to buyers have appeared in the market to challenge it’s popularity and comparative dominance from the likes of QNAP, UGREEN and a slew of OS-free pre-built NAS solutions from mini PC companies. Nevertheless, Asustor seemingly held on to this market, regularly selling out of its Flashstor devices globally. So, inevitably, the brand was always going to be looking at ‘what’s next’ and that brings us to this – the Flashstor Gen 2. Arriving in a 6-Bay (FS6806T) and 12 Bay (FS6812X) form, this system is a less graphically focused and more throughput and performance-focused series that might be one of the most impressive desktop turnkey NAS devices for Flash that I have ever seen. Arrivnig with a beefy AMD CPU, ECC Memory support, 10GbE (possibly even 5GbE too – TBC), Gen 4 architecture for the M.2 slots and even USB 4 for good measure – the Flashstor Gen 2 seems to be a very confident response to the criticisms that were levelled at the original flashstor by those that wanted to squeeze more out of their SSDs! So, lets discuss this new exciting NAS system from Asustor.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 – Internal Hardware

When I said that the Flashstor Gen 2 seeks to challenge some of the criticisms that were made at the original system, the bulk of these were about how much of the throughput that a RAID ready m.2 NVMe SSD system could be enjoyed by the end user. The original Flashstor series arrived with an Intel N5105 CPU (a quad-core Celeron) which although great for graphically demanding tasks and power efficiency, lacked a lot of the ‘umpf’ in terms of bandwidth speeds, lanes to allocate and raw power to get the most out of the SSDs inside. This newer flash system changes gears considerably and switches to an AMD-embedded Ryzen CPU that not only opens the door to Gen4 architecture (so each lane goes up from 1000MB/s to 2000MBs), but also allows for scaled-up memory quality and quality. Here is how the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 and Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 stack up on the internal hardware and storage:

Model
Model	FS6806T	FS6812X
CPU	AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 (2.3-3.8Ghz) Zen3 Processor	AMD Ryzen Embedded V3C14 (2.3-3.8Ghz) Zen3 Processor
Integrated GFX	N/A	N/A
Cores and Threads	4 Cores / 8 Threads	4 Cores / 8 Threads
TDP	15W (Configurable to 10-25W at CPU level TBC)	15W (Configurable to 10-25W at CPU level TBC)
CPU LANES	20 Lanes, Gen4	20 Lanes, Gen4
MEMORY	DDR5 and ECC Support Indicated	TBC – But DDR5 and ECC Support Indicated (32GB TBC)
M.2 DRIVE SLOTS	6 x NVMe/SATA	12 x NVMe/SATA
HDD	N/A	N/A
MAXIMUM DRIVE BAYS WITH EXPANSION	14	20
SUPPORTS SINGLE VOLUME LARGER THAN 16TB

So, there is ALOT to unpack here! The star of the show here is the CPU. Choosing the right CPU for a NAS is, frankly, not easy! It would be SO easy to just lump in some beast desktop gamer PC processor, but the reality is that the CPU is a NAS that needs to be able to run 24×7, needs to be powerful enough to get the jobs done but at the same time not be TOO power hungry as it will cost a fortune to run.. oh.. and it needs to manage it’s temperature well and not get too hot that it throttles. Not enough? Oh it also needs to support ECC memory to ensure data integrity from things like bitrot. have plenty of cores and/or vCPUs for VM allocation and needs to be affordable. SERIOUSLY!!!

This is why the processor that the Flashstor Gen 2 arrives with is such a great choice! There will be those of you that will be disappointed in the lack of integrated graphics, but it’s worth highlighting that the Flashstor Gen 2 does not seem to be ‘replacing’ the Gen 1 model, but instead expanding the range – so those that want GFX will have the Celeron version. but those looking for a compact and powerful workhorse system will have the Flashstor Gen 2 version with its AMD Ryzen V3C14 processor to play with. This processor manages to crank to up to 3.8Ghz when needed, on it’s 4 core and 8 thread architecture (so, technically 8 virtual CPUs to play with on your containers and VMs). Likewise, die hard storage enthusiasts will be pleased to note that this CPU not only supports DDR5 memory but also ECC (Error Correction Code / Error Code Correction) up to 32GB. We are still yet to 100% confirm the base included level or memory and if it is soldered or SODIMM deployed, as well as the quantity included in the 6 and 12 Bay models respectively, but given the ‘Pro’ status of the 12 Bay, I would suggest it is going to be 32GB on that model and 4-16GB on the 6-Bay. Power consumption on this processor, despite it’s scale of capabilities, is also an impressively low 15 TDP according to AMD (with configuration possible to allow 15W and 25W TDP – but how much of this will translate to the Flashstor Gen 2 and ADM is still TBC). Also, a minor but important note, AMD have a fantastic reputation in their Embedded Ryzen series and this processor is slated for support till 2032, a HUGE change up for the 3-4yr support cycle by intel in a number of their Celeron processors. Here is how that CPU is broken down in the specs:

Product Line	AMD Ryzen Embedded V3000 Series
Model	V3C14
Release Date	September 27, 2022
Market	Desktop
Architecture	Zen 3+ (Rembrandt)
Socket	AMD Socket FP7
Foundry	TSMC
Process Size	6 nm
Package	FP7r2
Cores	4
Threads	8
Base Frequency	2.3 GHz
Turbo Frequency	Up to 3.8 GHz
TDP	15 W (configurable between 10-25W)
Memory Support	DDR5, up to 4800 MT/s, Dual-channel with ECC support
PCI-Express	Gen 4, 20 Lanes (CPU only)
Cache	L1: 64 KB per core, L2: 512 KB per core, L3: 8 MB (shared)
Features	AVX, AVX2, AMD Secure Processor, AMD Memory Guard, other performance enhancements
Longevity	Planned product availability until 2032

You might well have also spotted that this system arrives with 20 lanes of PCIe Gen 4 architecture – This is a HUGE scale up for the 9 Lanes of Gen 3 in the Flashstor Gen 1 series. This means that the Flashstor Gen 2 has more than double to lane allocation to distribute across the system AND those individual lanes are twice the bandwidth. Here is a diagram layout of this processor series by way of reference:

Although this will translate very well in terms of the connectivity that I will touch on later on, the impact on those individual M.2 NVMe bays is pretty awesome too! Each 2280 M.2 Bay (6x on the Flashstor 6 Gen 2, 12x on the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen2) is PCIe Gen 4×1 – so 2,000MB/s bandwidth potential on each SSD. Yes, this is still throttling things down, but I think most users who are considering 2-4 bays at 4×4 or 12 Bay at 4×1 are going to pick the latter for reasons of storage potential + the performance and redundancy benefits inherent in RAID. Also, as discussed at length in discussion/dispute with Asustor, as these SSDs are going to be at x1 speed, this also means that the heat generated by these SSDs is going to be reduced considerably too. As ADM allows for multiple storage pools, this will also be great to create multiple smaller ‘hot’ pools or create a tiered storage system comprising Gen 3 and Gen 4 drives to be more creative with your budget on Day 1.

(Images from Flashstor 12 Pro for guidance on the 12x M.2 NVMe on the Gen 2 Model)

Until we have the Flashstor Gen 2 system in the studio, we cannot really confirm to what extent Asustor have squeezed all the potential out of this CPU and bulk M.2 architecture, but even at a glance, this system has some phenomenally well-balanced hardware internally that will please ALOT of people hoping to make the switch from HDD to SSD server use or even Cloud and DIRECTLY onto flash NAS. But it’s not just what is on the inside that counts (sadly!), so we need to discuss the ports and connectivity, and how this improved architecture in the Gen 2 scales against its predecessor in the Flashstor series.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 – Ports and Connections

The ports and connectivity that are afforded to the Flashstor Gen 2 is a significant scale up over the 2023 release Flashstor Gen 1, thanks of course to that new CPU and the extra lanes and bandwidth it provides. The 6 Bay ports and connectivity are still up for a little debate, but are looking increasingly likely to be 2x 5GbE connectivity (due to reports of the Lockstor Gen 3 system arriving with 5GbE at Computex in June), whereas the Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 has been officially confirmed to be 2x 10GbE – so 20Gb/s to play with externally. This still largely pales in comparison to the potential performance of those 12 Gen 4×1 SSDs in a RAID, but this is still a great amount of network bandwidth to play with. Here is what we know about the connectivity:

PORTS AND CONNECTIONS
EXPANSION	USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 4	USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 4
NETWORK	2x 5GbE (TBC!)	2 x 10GbE
PCIE EXPANSION SLOTS	–	–
LCD PANEL	–	–
SIZE	48.3 (H) x 308.26 (W) x 193 (D) mm	48.3 (H) x 308.26 (W) x 193 (D) mm
VOLUME TYPE	Single disk, JBOD, RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10	Single disk, JBOD, RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10
TRAY LOCK
MYARCHIVE DISK BAYS	5	11
SERVICE LED INDICATOR	–	–
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY	–	–

It’s not hugely surprising that the Gen 2 Flashstor series has an absence of the multimedia-friendly HDMI (and I assume the loss of the S/PDIF audio out), given the lack of integrated graphics. Likewise, neither system features a PCIe upgrade slot (or even the slowly emerging oCuLink connection). But this is more than made up for by the dual 10GbE connectivity (so double that o the Gen 1 12 Pro).

Given the history of Asustor effectively ‘doubling’ the hardware base on their system with each ‘gen’ upgrade (see the Nimbustor, Lockerstor and DriveStorage series throughout each Gen upgrade for numerous examples of this), the indications that the Flashstor 6 Gen 2 being 1x/2x 5GbE are pretty likely. The Lockerstor Gen 3 AS68 series that will be revealed at the same time next month (but almost certainly released much sooner) is arriving with 5GbE and the same CPU architecture as the Flashstor Gen2 series (arriving in 4, 6, 8 AND 10 configurations), so it’s pretty likely that this will extend across the FS68 series too.

There is also an improvement in USB connectivity, with the Flashstor Gen 2 featuring USB 4 connectivity (Type A or C TBH, Hopefully the latter), thanks to that Gen 4 architecture. Asustor already have some impressive USB expansion devices out there and it will be interesting to see the scope of how this quadruple perbandwidth port will be harnessed by the system compared with the exclusively USB 3.2 Gen 2 10Gb on the Gen 1 Flashstor series.

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 – Software

The Asustor Flashstor NAS arrives with the latest version of ADM included. Additionally, this software receives frequent updates to ensure that the software runs the very best it can on this system, as well as keeping up to date with security patches and application versions.Also Asustor has also highlighted that they will be launching ADM 5 (the latest revision) alongside these devices – still awaiting confirmation on Beta status or full incremental rollout. The NAS software is accessible via a web browser and displayed very much like a normal computer operating system (desktop, user accounts, customizable themes, file management, running multiple tasks in windows that can be switched in the native tabs), but there are also a range of desktop client tools for accessing the NAS on your local machine natively, as well as a whole bunch of mobile applications that allow tailored access from your phone/tablet in more task-specific means (eg a photo app for viewing pictures and creating phone backup routines, a video app for enjoying your movies and boxsets, surveillance app to access your cameras, etc).  There is also a large range of support of 3rd party applications too in the ADM platform. Asustor is not as big a company as the likes of Synology and QNAP, whole put ALOT more money into their software development, but Asustor try to counter this by (when they do not have an in-house app) making native versions of 3rd party tools in their platform (example, they do not have a 1st party Virtual Machine app, but DO include huge support for VirtualBox). The platform is not quite as fully featured as DSM and QTS, but it is still a very smooth and accessible software platform. The app center has a few more 3rd party applications and slightly crowbarred software (eg the Amazon Media and Streaming service plugins) that is not updated up the original uploaders anywhere near enough (leading to running issues on these tools), but the 1st party apps run very well. The big takeaway on the Asustor software and it’s services is that the standard class of expected features of a modern NAS in 2024+ are here and run exactly as you would want, it is just some of the additional ones that other platforms have doubled down on (such as AI-related services in Photography and Surveillance for example) that are a little lacking. That said, the brand has definitely ramped up a number of the key security protocols and settings in the default setup. But what about 3rd party OS? What is the Asustor position on this?

Asustor have been surprisingly fluid on this one in the last 18 months. Originally, they (along with the bulk of NAS vendors) were steadfast in their position of  “if you install a 3rd party OS such as UnRAID or TrueNAS, it will invalidate your warranty”. However, this position has now changed and they are continuing to support users who opt for 3rd party NAS OS installations, but with the caveat that if that software actively harms the system and/or results in the system being deployed in a fashion outside of what they guarantee the system to operate under (eg, the 3rd party NAS OS software automatically or manually overclocks the heck out of the processor and cooks it! Or overwrites the internal eMMC flash module that contains the ADM bootloader) they will not be able to offer support. I think this is pretty reasonable. However, it is ALSO worth keeping in mind that the Flashstor Gen 2 series is built using a non-integrated gfx CPU, so there is the question of 3rd party NAS installation without a KVM/Visual output and/or BIOS access – but there ARE ways and means to get around this of course!

The Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 – Price and Release

The Pricing and intended launch date for the Asustor Flashstor Gen 2 series is INCREDIBLY vague right now at the time of writing. On the one hand, it would appear that the Flashstor Gen 2 is NOT intended to ‘replace’ the Flashstor Gen 1, but expand the range. This is a good thing in terms of the brand and it’s commitment, but also means that we have practically no idea about how and when the system will arrive and how the brand will price the unit. The Flashstor 6 and Flashstor 12 Pro were incredibly well priced at launch (not ‘cheap’ but excellent value, at $499 and $799 respectively). Realistically, I think we are going to see these devices roll out at (estimated) $599 and $999 at the very least, given their relative rarity in the market at the scale/configuration. Launch is much harder to predict, as alongside the launch of these devices relative to ADM 5 and little-to-no resources online on these right now would suggest a mid-late Q3 release (so August-September EARLIEST). Again, this is mostly speculation, but realistic. We will almost certainly be seeing the bigger names in NAS rolling out some hot hardware for their 2024/2025 generation, as several popular series from Asustor, Synology, QNAP and Terramaster all are crossing the 2 year refresh cycle line this year, which tends to trigger a new release. That said, Asustor have shot a very clear and confident ‘first shot’ in the Flashstor Gen 2 and given the popularity, dominance and good will that was achieved with their Flashstor pipping everyone else to the post, it’s a very smart move to expand this series as soon as possible. I sincerely look forward to having this device in for review soon! Stay tuned!

*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

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*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

In the two months or so since Asustor first announced the release of the new entry into their Flash NAS series, the Flashstor Gen 2, it has caused quite a buzz! This new 12x M.2 NVMe slot desktop NAS system effectively super-sizes everything we saw in the Gen 1 model but also adds dual 10GbE and ECC memory. Fast forward to now, and we got to spend some more time with the device at the Asustor stand at Computex 2024 (as well as the similarly profiled Lockerstor Gen 3) to learn more about what it can do, what it cannot do, and to explore more of its hardware profile.

Flashstor Gen 2 10GbE Performance

Asustor demoed the Flashstor and Lockerstor systems, connected to a Windows 11 PC over 2x 10GbE, using SMB Multichannel, and transferred 120GB of data. Both systems were able to fully saturate the dual 10GbE connection and, after accounting for the drag factors associated with this network protocol, achieved 1.8GB/s with sustained performance throughout.

Needless to say, this is still less than the total performance possible with the SSDs inside the Flashstor Gen 2, but it is a positive sign moving forward.

The PCIe Lanes of the M.2 inside the Flashstor Gen 2

This aspect was somewhat of a mixed bag when looking more closely at the architecture of the Flashstor Gen 2, as many people (myself included) were unsure how exactly Asustor would allocate lanes and speed across the 12x M.2 slots inside the system. The answer is… quite messily! We have to be fair here; the Flashstor Gen 2 is still a NAS that is mid-development and subject to change. However, the units on show at the event had the following breakdown of PCIe lanes/speeds detailed on its PCB and confirmed by the team:

How the 12x M.2 NVMe slots are broken down:

– Gen 4×4 = 1 Slot

– Gen 4×1 = 4 Slots

– Gen 4×2 = 3 Slots

– Gen 3×4 = 1 Slot

– Gen 3×2 = 1 Slot

– Gen 3×1 = 2 Slot

This is an unusually mixed arrangement inside a single device. Although there is a lot more performance bandwidth here compared to the 12x Gen 3×1 in the Flashstor Gen 1, there are questions about the system’s performance when creating RAID pools on the M.2 in the Gen 2 that span drives of different speeds. The reality is that most pool configurations, such as a RAID 5 or RAID 0 of drives, will have their performance capped per drive to the speed of the slowest drive in the array. For example, 12 drives in the Gen 4 and Gen 3 slots will be reduced from 2000MB/s per lane to 1000MB/s max; the same goes for x4 slots, x2 slots, and x1 slots.

At least they are trying their best to use up as much of the bandwidth as possible from that Ryzen CPU, but it is still an undeniably bizarre arrangement of slots inside a single NAS system.

PC Gaming and the Flashstor Gen 2 System

The last demo at the stand related to the Flashstor was the system connected to a modern PC system to show how the 2x 10G connections combined with the high performance and low latency of the M.2 SSDs in the Flashstor and Lockerstor. This was done by running the latest version of Cyberpunk 2077 from the NAS systems. The game was running from the gaming machine with its own GPU, etc., but the game’s data files from launch (Steam, Epic, etc.) were all running from the NAS.

There was no drop in frame rate, no poor texture pop-in, no unexpected load screens as you transitioned through the world, and no examples of poor texture swapping. Indeed, the game played like it was stored on the PC’s own storage—but it wasn’t; it was managing the game data from the Flashstor Gen 2’s storage. This was achieved using an iSCSI LUN created in the Asustor ADM Storage Manager and then mounted on the PC via the built-in Windows iSCSI initiator.

(Here is a clip from the video where the tests were shown):

Running games from a NAS system is not new, but as more games are being developed with M.2 NVMe SSD storage in mind, they are also getting bigger and bigger (notwithstanding ‘Game as a Service’ titles that will grow constantly over the years). If you have years and years of titles in your Steam library and are concerned they might one day be taken offline, you will need some serious storage to ensure you have it all! With the performance benefits of accessing multiple M.2 SSDs in a RAID configuration and the expanded storage potential of these systems compared with the limited number of M.2 slots in ma00ny systems, you can definitely see why there is a growing appeal for games to be played off a NAS.

*UPDATE* – The Flashstor Gen 2 is Now Released
Flashstor 6 Gen 2 (AS6806X) $999 – HERE
Flashstor 12 Pro Gen 2 (FS6812X) $1399 – HERE
Find Out More about them here – HERE on YouTube

The Flashstor is still a fair way from full release—even the name ‘Gen 2’ seems to be a matter still under debate. Last month, I recorded a User Q&A with a brand representative that covered all the questions users had about the Flashstor Gen 2 and Lockerstor Gen 3. You can watch the whole thing below in the video (chapters on the bar at the bottom)

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Want to follow specific category? Also Read...Flashstor Gen 2 NAS ReviewFlashstor Gen 2 Review - The PFlashstor Gen 2 NAS News - RelFlashstor Gen 2 NAS Released -The Asustor Lockerstor Gen 3 NAsustor Lockerstor 4 Gen 3 NASAsustor Lockerstor 4 Gen 3 NASAsustor NAS Prime Big Deal DayAmazon Prime Big Deal Day Octo10 Historic NAS Ransomware and Subscribe

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This description contains links to Amazon. These links will take you to some of the products mentioned in today's content. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Visit the NASCompares Deal Finder to find the best place to buy this device in your region, based on Service, Support and Reputation - Just Search for your NAS Drive in the Box Below

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1. G.Skill and Asus Break DDR5 Memory Overclocking Record
   In a remarkable achievement for memory technology, G.Skill and Asus ROG have set a new world record in DDR5 memory frequency, pushing the boundaries to an impressive 12,112 MT/s. The record-breaking feat was accomplished by renowned overclocker “safedisk,” who used a G.Skill Trident Z5 RGB DDR5 memory stick alongside the Asus ROG Maximus Z890 Apex motherboard and Intel Core Ultra 9 285K CPU. Cooling the system with liquid nitrogen allowed safedisk to achieve this incredible frequency, demonstrating the power of the latest Intel platform and the overclocking potential of DDR5.Verification of the accomplishment was confirmed on platforms like HWBOT and CPU-Z, showing how safedisk downclocked the CPU’s P-cores to 3.0 GHz and disabled E-cores to stabilize performance. The achievement not only underscores the technical prowess of both G.Skill and Asus but also sets a new benchmark for DDR5 speeds. As DDR5 technology evolves, it’s possible the industry will see new records approaching 13,000 MT/s, promising exciting advancements for high-performance computing and gaming.

2. TrueNAS 24.10 “Electric Eel” Brings Docker and RAID-Z Expansion
   iXsystems has officially released TrueNAS 24.10 “Electric Eel,” a major update for its TrueNAS Scale platform. This release transitions the app management backend from Kubernetes to Docker, simplifying app deployment and adding flexibility for users who prefer custom container applications. Another key feature is RAID-Z expansion, which allows users to add a single drive to a RAID setup, marking a significant enhancement for OpenZFS users who previously had limited expansion options.The update also enhances the TrueNAS H-Series by adding support for NVMe drives, enabling up to 360 TB of storage in compact configurations, ideal for high-density environments. New customization options have been added to the UI, including a global search function and personalized dashboards that improve navigation and usability. Electric Eel includes experimental support for “Fast Deduplication,” a feature that could dramatically optimize storage by reducing duplicate data with minimal memory impact. With over 9,000 beta testers contributing to its development, TrueNAS 24.10 is a milestone release for the NAS software ecosystem.

3. QNAP and Synology Patch Exploited NAS Vulnerabilities After Pwn2Own
   Security-focused NAS vendors QNAP and Synology responded quickly to critical vulnerabilities exposed at the Pwn2Own cybersecurity competition held in Ireland. Exploits targeting QNAP’s HBS 3 Hybrid Backup Sync and Synology Photos applications allowed hackers to execute remote code, putting users’ data at risk. Both companies have since issued patches, with QNAP’s update addressing the high-severity flaw in HBS 3 Hybrid Backup Sync (CVE-2024-50388), and Synology releasing fixes for vulnerabilities in Synology Photos and BeePhotos on DSM 7.2.TrueNAS was also affected but has not yet issued patches, instead providing users with recommended security measures to protect their systems. The Pwn2Own competition, organized by Zero Day Initiative, highlighted the importance of frequent updates and robust security practices for NAS systems, especially in environments with interconnected devices that are susceptible to remote code execution attacks.

4. Pwn2Own Ireland 2024: Home and Office Devices Face Security Challenges
   The Pwn2Own 2024 event in Ireland showcased the vulnerabilities in home and small office devices, awarding over $1 million to participants who demonstrated more than 70 zero-day exploits. The competition exposed critical vulnerabilities across various devices, including NAS systems from Synology, QNAP, and TrueNAS, as well as routers, surveillance cameras, and smart speakers. Researchers successfully compromised multiple devices in categories like SOHO (small office/home office) SMASHUPs, where they chained vulnerabilities to compromise networks comprehensively.Viettel Cyber Security emerged as the top team, securing the “Master of Pwn” award for their consistent success across multiple exploit attempts. The event highlighted that, as devices in home and office settings become increasingly networked, security risks grow, necessitating that manufacturers, users, and security professionals adopt more comprehensive security strategies. This year’s Pwn2Own provided crucial insights into the evolving threat landscape, emphasizing the importance of timely updates and rigorous security practices for connected devices.

5. Micron Releases Crucial Pro DDR5-6400 for High-Speed Gaming
   Micron has launched the latest version of its Crucial Pro DDR5-6400 Overclocking Gaming Memory, raising the bar for performance in gaming and multitasking. The upgrade builds upon Micron’s DDR5-6000 release in February, now offering speeds of 6,400 MT/s for even smoother gameplay and improved productivity. This new memory is manufactured using Micron’s advanced 1β (1-beta) node technology, which not only improves speed but also achieves lower latency, delivering faster data transfer for gaming, video editing, and other resource-intensive tasks.With the transition from DDR4 to DDR5, Crucial Pro DDR5-6400 offers twice the data rates and a 25% reduction in latency, a significant improvement for gaming systems that require high frame rates and fluid multitasking. As more demanding applications emerge in gaming and professional use, this new memory upgrade allows for more robust system performance and enhances the gaming experience by reducing bottlenecks in high-performance workflows.

6. KIOXIA Begins Mass Production of QLC UFS 4.0 Flash Memory for High-Capacity Devices
   KIOXIA has announced the mass production of the industry’s first QLC UFS 4.0 embedded flash memory, designed for mobile and next-generation applications requiring high storage density. The new 512 GB QLC UFS offers impressive performance, reaching sequential read speeds of up to 4,200 MB/s and write speeds of up to 3,200 MB/s. This new technology is aimed at enhancing storage solutions for smartphones, tablets, VR systems, and IoT devices, where data-heavy tasks demand large and fast storage.This innovation marks a significant advancement in UFS technology, as QLC enables higher bit density than traditional TLC flash, optimizing storage for high-capacity needs without sacrificing performance. KIOXIA’s QLC UFS 4.0 devices are expected to meet the needs of both mobile and PC platforms that prioritize storage efficiency alongside high-speed data transfer, making it a versatile option for emerging technologies in fields like augmented reality, AI, and high-performance computing.

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Update – The Jonsbo N5 was reviewed in this video HERE and the article HERE

Building your NAS has certainly become more accessible in recent years, mainly due to the availability of NAS-specific components that take the guesswork out of setting up a private cloud or network server from scratch. However, when it comes to finding a NAS enclosure or case, the options are far more limited than you might expect. Unlike traditional PC cases, NAS cases must focus more on storage capacity, efficient cooling for 24/7 use, and flexibility for NAS-optimized components like NAS-focused CPUs and motherboards. This is where Jonsbo steps in with a range of NAS-oriented enclosures that have become quite popular with DiY enthusiasts and home labbers. With the release of the new Jonsbo N5, it’s time to revisit the differences between Jonsbo’s popular NAS cases—N5, N4, N3, and N2—to see how they stack up for various use cases. Each case has distinct strengths and weaknesses, including varying capacities, cooling options, and motherboard compatibility, making the decision between them all the more nuanced. Let’s dive in and compare the Jonsbo N5 vs N4 vs N3 vs N2 to help you choose the best one for your NAS build!

While all four Jonsbo NAS cases share a common goal—maximizing storage and cooling in compact and well-designed chassis—their specifications and features vary widely. From the relatively budget-friendly and compact N2 to the spacious and versatile N5, each case targets different types of users. The N5, for instance, offers the most expansion potential with its support for larger motherboards, GPU compatibility, and ample cooling options, while the N4 combines aesthetics and storage in a slightly smaller footprint with its hybrid steel and wood design. On the other hand, the N3 is geared more toward users who need high storage capacity without sacrificing airflow or CPU cooler size. Finally, the N2 stands out as the smallest and most efficient option, perfect for low-energy NAS builds where space is at a premium. With these differences in mind, let’s take a closer look at each model and figure out which one will best suit your needs.

Where to Buy Jonsbo NAS Cases? Jonsbo N5 12-Bay Case – $149-200 Aliexpress Jonsbo N4 6-Bay Case – $100-139 Aliexpress Jonsbo N3 8-Bay Case –  $139-150 Aliexpress Jonsbo N2 5/6-Bay Case –$99-120 Aliexpress

Here is my Jonsbo N2 vs N3 vs N4 Case Comparison from YouTube:

Jonsbo N5 vs N4 vs N3 vs N2 – TLDR

The Jonsbo N5, N4, N3, and N2 are all designed with specific use cases in mind, making them suitable for different kinds of NAS builds depending on your priorities. For instance, the Jonsbo N5 is ideal for more advanced users who need more versatility and room for components like larger motherboards (including E-ATX), graphics cards, and better cooling systems. It’s the most spacious of the bunch and is particularly suitable for users who anticipate expanding their NAS with more advanced hardware in the future. Meanwhile, the Jonsbo N4 offers a balance between aesthetics and functionality. Its unique steel-and-wood design makes it stand out visually, while it still provides decent storage and cooling capabilities, albeit not as extensive as the N5. The N4 supports both ITX and M-ATX motherboards, making it a versatile mid-range option that still caters to users looking for more compact builds without compromising on storage

For those seeking even more compact and quiet solutions, the Jonsbo N3 and Jonsbo N2 come into play. The N3 is the largest of these smaller cases, supporting up to 8 3.5″ HDDs and offering the most airflow and cooling potential of the compact models, making it suitable for users who need higher storage capacity but don’t require the massive expansion options of the N5.

The N2, by contrast, is the most space-efficient and energy-saving option, supporting ITX motherboards and up to five 3.5″ HDDs. It’s ideal for users looking to build a quiet, low-power NAS that can still handle moderate storage needs. In short, if you’re after a powerhouse build with future-proofing in mind, the N5 is your best bet, while the N4 offers a middle ground of functionality and design. The N3 is best for those who need more storage in a compact space, and the N2 is perfect for small, low-energy builds.

N2	N3	N4	N5

Jonsbo N5 vs N4 vs N3 vs N2 – Size and Physical Footprint

In terms of physical size and footprint, the Jonsbo N5 stands head and shoulders above the rest, literally and figuratively. The N5 measures 325mm to 350mm in length, depending on your GPU, which is significantly larger than the N4, N3, or N2. The extra space in the N5 allows for more advanced cooling options, greater storage, and compatibility with larger motherboards like ATX or even E-ATX. It’s built for users who want to pack as much hardware as possible into their NAS, whether it’s for video editing, gaming, or more intensive AI tasks. In contrast, the Jonsbo N4 measures a slightly more modest 286mm by 300mm by 228mm, offering enough space for ITX or M-ATX motherboards without being overly bulky. Its footprint strikes a nice balance for users who want versatility in motherboard selection and decent cooling without going too big.

Moving to the Jonsbo N3, its dimensions are 233mm by 262mm by 298mm, making it taller and slightly bulkier than the N2 but still compact compared to the N5 or N4. This size allows the N3 to house up to 8 HDDs and offer more room for cooling, making it an excellent choice for users who prioritize storage but still want a manageable footprint. Finally, the Jonsbo N2 is the smallest of the group at 222.5mm by 222.5mm by 224mm, making it perfect for users with limited space or those who prefer a minimalist setup. The N2’s smaller footprint makes it an excellent option for more efficient builds, especially in environments where space is at a premium, such as small offices or media rooms. The size differences across these models clearly indicate that users can select a case based on their available space and expansion needs, from the massive N5 to the compact N2.

Jonsbo N5 vs N4 vs N3 vs N2 – Storage Capacity

When it comes to storage capacity, the Jonsbo NAS cases offer a wide range of options to cater to different needs. At the top end, the Jonsbo N5 supports up to 12 3.5″ HDDs or a mix of 2.5″ SSDs and HDDs, making it ideal for users with massive storage needs. Whether you’re setting up a media server, handling large databases, or using your NAS for backup and redundancy, the N5 can handle it all with ease. The Jonsbo N4, by comparison, supports up to 6 3.5″ HDDs and 2 SSDs, providing a solid middle-ground for users who need a decent amount of storage without going overboard. The N4’s storage configuration makes it suitable for home or small business NAS solutions that require a good mix of storage and performance but don’t need the expansive capabilities of the N5.

Meanwhile, the Jonsbo N3 ups the ante for compact builds, with support for up to 8 3.5″ HDDs and a single SSD, making it a powerhouse for users who need a lot of storage without sacrificing too much space. It’s perfect for DiY NAS builders who prioritize storage over aesthetics and want to fit as many drives as possible into a smaller case. On the other hand, the Jonsbo N2 is the most modest in terms of storage, supporting only 5 3.5″ HDDs and one SSD. However, its small size and efficient design make it an excellent choice for users who don’t need a ton of storage but still want a capable NAS system. Whether you’re looking for massive storage options or more compact, efficient builds, Jonsbo offers a range of cases to meet your specific storage requirements.

Jonsbo N5 vs N4 vs N3 vs N2 – Motherboard, PCIe, and Cooler Support

When choosing the right Jonsbo NAS case, it’s essential to consider motherboard compatibility, PCIe expansion, and cooling support. The Jonsbo N5 offers the most flexibility in this regard, supporting ITX, ATX, and even E-ATX motherboards, making it ideal for users looking to expand their system with high-end CPUs, GPUs, and other components. The N5 is also designed with future-proofing in mind, featuring up to 12 drive bays, support for full-sized GPUs, and excellent cooling options. For users who plan on using their NAS for demanding tasks like AI processing, 3D rendering, or large-scale data management, the N5 is the clear winner in terms of versatility and expansion.

On the other hand, the Jonsbo N4 strikes a balance by supporting both ITX and M-ATX motherboards, offering more flexibility than the smaller N2 and N3 models. While it may not be as expansive as the N5, the N4 still offers room for additional PCIe cards and a reasonable selection of cooling options. The Jonsbo N3 is more limited in terms of motherboard support, only accommodating ITX motherboards, but it compensates with better airflow and the ability to house larger CPU coolers (up to 130mm).

Lastly, the Jonsbo N2 is the most restrictive, supporting only ITX motherboards and featuring just a single PCIe slot. While this limits expansion, the N2 is still an excellent option for users focused on creating a low-power, compact NAS solution. Ultimately, your choice will depend on how much expansion and future-proofing you want in your NAS build. The N5 offers the most flexibility, while the N2 is best for simple, efficient setups.

Jonsbo N5 vs N3 vs N2 vs N4 – Cooling and Ventilation

The cooling and ventilation strategies employed by the Jonsbo N5, N3, N2, and N4 cases are critical to their design, influencing not only their thermal management capabilities but also their aesthetic appeal and functionality.

The Jonsbo N5 stands out in this category with its large chassis and comprehensive ventilation system. It features side vents, rear exhausts, and top panel ventilation, ensuring ample airflow through its larger internal space. The N5 is designed to handle higher thermal loads, making it an ideal choice for users who plan to fully load the case with a significant number of drives or more powerful components. The cooling system supports multiple fans and larger components, making it highly customizable for cooling solutions. The larger chassis provides more room for air circulation, which, combined with optional fan configurations, offers effective temperature management even in demanding setups.

The Jonsbo N2 case, on the other hand, features ventilation on the side panels, a considerable vent panel on the top, and additional venting on the rear, facilitating multidirectional airflow that supports effective heat dissipation from internal components. This arrangement is particularly advantageous for maintaining optimal operating temperatures within the compact confines of the case, ensuring that even when fully loaded with storage drives, airflow remains unimpeded. The inclusion of a large top vent is noteworthy, as it capitalizes on the natural rise of hot air, thereby enhancing cooling efficiency without the need for excessive fan use, which can be beneficial for users seeking quieter operation.

The Jonsbo N3 extends the ventilation scheme to include vents on the sides, back, and notably, a ventilated front panel. This comprehensive approach to airflow management ensures that cool air can be drawn in from the front and expelled through the side and rear vents, creating a constant flow of air through the chassis. The ventilated front panel not only contributes to cooling efficiency but also adds to the case’s visual identity, merging functional design with aesthetic considerations. The ability to intake air from the front is particularly beneficial for systems with multiple drives, as it helps to mitigate heat buildup around the storage bays, maintaining optimal performance of the drives and other internal components.

The Jonsbo N4 adopts a similar ventilation strategy to the N2, with vents on the side panels, a large top vent, and rear ventilation, ensuring ample airflow through the case. However, it distinguishes itself with a wooden front panel that covers half of the front, adding a unique aesthetic touch while still allowing for air intake through the lower half of the front panel. This design choice strikes a balance between form and function, offering effective cooling by combining the benefits of the N2’s ventilation pattern with a stylistic differentiation. The wooden panel adds a touch of elegance and natural texture to the case, setting it apart visually from many other NAS and PC cases on the market, without compromising on the thermal management aspect.

Model	Cooling System	Ventilation Features	Strengths	Weaknesses
Jonsbo N5	Supports up to 4 fans (2x 120mm, 2x 140mm)	Vents on front, sides, and top; Rear fan mount; Larger airflow paths	Superior airflow for high-performance builds	Bulkier design, higher noise potential
Jonsbo N3	2x 100mm HDD compartment fans (optional)	Vents on sides, back, and ventilated front panel	Effective air intake from front, great for larger cooling setups	Can be noisy due to larger airflow, especially under heavy loads
Jonsbo N2	120mm built-in fan at the top	Vents on sides, top, and rear	Excellent for compact builds, passive air from top vent	Limited fan support, less effective with higher-end components
Jonsbo N4	120mm fan (built-in)	Vents on sides, rear, and partially ventilated wooden front panel	Elegant design with functional airflow, ideal for ITX and M-ATX	Front airflow somewhat restricted by wooden panel

Across all four models, the use of rubber pull handles on the drive bays instead of trays not only simplifies the installation and removal process but also reduces vibration transmission, contributing to quieter operation. This design choice reflects a thoughtful consideration of usability and noise reduction, further enhancing the user experience. Additionally, the flexibility in fan configurations across the models allows users to adjust their cooling setups based on their specific requirements, whether prioritizing silence or performance.

Jonsbo N5 vs N3 vs N2 vs N4 – Conclusion and Verdict: Which Should You Choose?

The Jonsbo N5, N3, N2, and N4 NAS cases offer a wide range of features catering to various user needs, from compact and efficient storage solutions to highly customizable, performance-oriented systems.

The Jonsbo N5 stands out as the most expansive and capable of the lineup, offering superior airflow, larger internal space, and the ability to accommodate more storage drives and larger cooling systems. It’s ideal for users with advanced requirements who need ample space for high-performance builds with additional components like GPUs or large cooling systems. While the N5 is the bulkiest of the four, it compensates for this with top-tier functionality and versatility, making it a perfect choice for those looking to build a high-performance NAS or even a hybrid NAS-PC setup.

The Jonsbo N2 is the most compact of the lineup, making it ideal for users who prioritize space-saving designs without sacrificing essential storage capabilities. Its cooling is efficient for a small form factor, and it’s perfect for users looking for a quiet, minimalistic NAS solution that fits into tight spaces. The N2 is especially suitable for environments where noise levels and available space are major considerations, such as home offices or media rooms.

The Jonsbo N3 is a step up in terms of storage capacity and ventilation, offering a balance between a compact form and advanced storage capabilities. With its larger cooling options and full-size PCIe card support, the N3 is aimed at prosumers and power users who need more than just basic NAS functionality. It can house bigger components like CPUs with larger coolers, making it a versatile option for users needing both storage and performance, though this comes at the cost of increased size and noise.

The Jonsbo N4 offers the most flexibility when it comes to motherboard compatibility, supporting both ITX and M-ATX configurations. It combines the compactness of the N2 with additional features like enhanced cooling and PCIe expandability, all wrapped in a stylish design with a wooden front panel. This balance of form and function makes the N4 a great choice for users who want an aesthetically pleasing NAS system without compromising on performance. Its ability to support more PCIe cards than the N2 or N3 makes it particularly appealing for users looking to expand their system with additional components.

Across all models, Jonsbo’s commitment to quality, innovation, and user-centered design is evident. Whether you need a compact, quiet NAS system or a more powerful, versatile setup, the N5, N3, N2, and N4 provide thoughtfully crafted options to meet various needs. The N2 is perfect for users focused on space efficiency and quiet operation; the N3 caters to prosumers needing extra storage and cooling; the N4 balances form and function with a stylish twist; and the N5 is the go-to choice for users requiring maximum expandability and performance.

Model	Best For	Strengths	Weaknesses	Where to Buy
Jonsbo N5	High-Performance NAS/PC Hybrid	Large storage, high airflow, GPU and cooler support	Bulkier, more expensive
Jonsbo N2	Low-Efficient NAS Deployment	Small footprint, quiet operation, low cost	Limited storage and PCIe expandability
Jonsbo N3	Prosumer NAS with Full-Size PCIe Cards	Large storage capacity, high-performance cooling	Larger size, noisier than other models
Jonsbo N4	Versatile NAS with Better Aesthetics	Aesthetic design, ITX and M-ATX compatibility	Only half-height PCIe cards supported

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Ever since we first found out that Jonsbo were launching a new 12-bay storage desktop chassis for NAS use, we’ve been eagerly awaiting the chance to get our hands on the final product and find out whether it can really live up to the prototype unit we saw at Computex 2024 in the summer. Jonsbo already has an established range of NAS-focused enclosures with the N1, N2, N3, and N4—but none of these solutions seemingly ticked all the boxes for most users. The Jonsbo N5 is designed to be the most adaptable and scalable DIY NAS case in desktop that the brand has ever developed, and it’s easy to see why. Supporting up to 12 hard drives, four SSDs, practically any motherboard on the market, massive PCIe card support, and massive CPU cooler support—the N5 is an absolute behemoth. But is there such a thing as going too overkill when it comes to your own DIY server? Today? I want to review the N5 and help you decide whether this do-it-yourself server enclosure deserves your money and your data!

You can watch the full YouTube Review of the Jonsbo N5 NAS Case HERE on NASCompares

Note – You can see the comparison of the Jonsbo N2, N3, N4 and N5 in this article HERE

Jonsbo N5 Review – Quick Conclusion

I’m really impressed with the Jonsbo N5! Having experimented with DIY NAS cases for years, I’m reluctant to label any one case as the “ultimate NAS case,” but the N5 comes remarkably close. While it may not be the smallest or the most discreet option, and those hard drive handles can be frustrating, in almost every other way, it’s the ideal NAS case for DIY server builds. If you’ve got the space, you won’t find a more scalable and upgradable NAS solution on the market in 2024. Though it’s not for the faint of heart, if you’re serious about setting up a long-term server solution that you can scale in any direction over time, the N5 will have you covered for years to come. Jonsbo has clearly put thought into refining this product based on past feedback, and while I expect someone to eventually create a hard drive tray mod to fix the handle issue, the case is otherwise unbeatable. Plus, considering the N5 is only about $80-100 more expensive than the N2, N3, and N4, yet far more versatile and scalable, it’s undoubtedly a fantastic choice!

BUILD QUALITY - 10/10

HARDWARE - 9/10

PERFORMANCE - 10/10

PRICE - 8/10

VALUE - 10/10

9.4

PROS

Highly Scalable: Supports up to 12 hard drives and 4 SSDs, making it one of the most scalable DIY NAS cases available.
Broad Motherboard Compatibility: Supports ITX, M-ATX, ATX, and E-ATX motherboards, offering great flexibility.
Ample PCIe Support: Can accommodate up to 8 PCIe expansion slots, allowing for high customization and upgrades.
Solid Build Quality: Made from a mix of aluminum alloy, steel, and wood, providing durability and a premium feel.
Massive Cooling Capacity: Supports up to 11 fans, with passive ventilation in every direction, ensuring effective cooling for high-performance setups.
Supports Full-Size Components: Compatible with full-length GPUs and large CPU coolers (up to 160mm in height).
Accessory Kit Included: Comes with a comprehensive set of accessories, including extra screws, trays, and even screwdrivers.
Detailed Instruction Manual: The build instructions are thorough, helping users with different motherboard types and installation procedures.
Great for Long-Term Use: The design allows for future upgrades, making it ideal for users who plan to scale over time.
Competitive Pricing: Priced only slightly higher than smaller models (N2, N3, N4) but with significantly more features and expandability.

CONS

Frustrating Hard Drive Trays: The rubber handle design for the hard drive trays can be awkward and less secure than traditional trays.
Potential Noise: Thin 1mm steel and numerous drive bays may amplify operational noise, especially with high-capacity hard drives and fans.
Hex/Allen Key Screws: Using hex/Allen key screws for the case lid can be inconvenient and prone to wear, making future access difficult.

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Jonsbo N5 Review – Packaging

Unsurprisingly, the packaging that the N5 arrives in is absolutely enormous. The enclosure itself is already pretty darn large; this case manages to be taller than most gamer PC cases but also wider too. The external casing, however, is not your typical brown faceless box and actually is adorned with system-specific details on all sides.

The contents of the system arrive via the main enclosure itself encased in thick foam on all sides to protect the device from damage by shock or motion in transit. The accessory kit that the system arrives with is in its own dedicated box, and although I question the sustainability and recyclability of some of these materials, there’s no arguing that the system is pretty well protected in transit.

It’s also worth highlighting that, despite the fact that the N5 arrives as a case only, it arrives with a pretty extensive accessory kit included. Indeed, although you obviously have to get your own CPU+Mobo+RAM+storage+PSU+media, everything else you’re going to need is included when constructing the system. The kit includes extra tray accessories, extra screws, extra cable ties, and a couple of screwdrivers for dismantling and constructing the entire system enclosure.

In terms of screws, the kit includes 2.5-inch screws for installing 2.5-inch media into the external framework, screws and grommets for the individual 3.5-inch drive media, screws and mounts for the motherboard and extra cooling systems, and additional washers for each screw kit.

One complaint I’ve had when previously reviewing the Jonsbo NAS enclosure series that continues to annoy me here is that the brand still chooses to use hex/Allen key screws for the lid of the system. I understand why they choose to use these, as they can often be produced to be much more flush with the external enclosure and add to the sleek and discreet external casing that this chassis arrives with. However, these screws are pretty small, and even if you use the included hex/Allen key screwdriver that the kit arrives with, these are very easy to tear up, and once that happens, accessing the inside of your Jonsbo N5 NAS enclosure will become a right nightmare!

One enormous compliment I have to pay to the presentation of the Jonsbo N5, however, is the included instruction manual. I have reviewed and unboxed absolutely loads of NAS enclosures and complete NAS systems, and none of them I’ve ever had are more useful build instruction manuals than the N5! It details the correct order of building the system, outlines the appropriate outlets that you need to use for installing different components, as well as differentiating and recommending build methods for ITX or ATX deployments, right the way down to cable funneling. Previous Jonsbo NAS enclosures have always arrived with a folded A4 leaflet included, whereas this latest generation device arrives with a much more detailed instruction manual for first-time setup.

Overall, this is the most impressive DIY NAS presentation and accessory kit that the brand has ever released, arguably better than most other DIY NAS enclosures I’ve played around with in the last few years. However, we need to focus a lot more now on the design of the N5 itself.

Jonsbo N5 Review – Design (External)

To say that the N5 is a bit big would be a wild understatement. The Jonsbo N5 isn’t just big; it is almost the size of all three Jonsbo N1, N2, and N3 combined! You are looking at the volumetric equivalent of a 12-bay rackmount system boiled down into a desktop enclosure—all the while supporting full-height and full-length PCIe cards, coolers, and accessories. Measuring 35 cm by 40 cm by 35 cm (and over 7.5 kg in weight), this is one seriously large case in every dimension. You do not need to necessarily fill this system on day one, but it’s definitely clear that the N5 is designed for long-term upgrades and scalability.

Just to give you a little bit of perspective, below you can see the front-facing size comparison of the Jonsbo N2 versus N3 versus N4 versus N5. There is no gradual growth here, and in fact, it’s a huge scale-up between the N4 and N5.

Indeed, this is factored into the depth of the three cases too. When you have the N2, N3, N4, and N5 facing sideways, you can see the full depths of the N5 realized to a great deal better.

For a better understanding of how these four cases differ in their full specifications, use the chart below:

One thing that is worth highlighting is that although the case looks tremendously imposing in its largely metallic chassis that is going to dominate your desktop, the black matte steel is only 1 mm thick. This doesn’t mean that heat dissipation won’t be pretty effective on the casing, but it also means that it is going to amplify ambient noise when the system is in operation. This is especially true if you start adding even more internal fans to the system for cooling or use larger than 10TB drives, which have a tendency to be more industrially built.

The N5 has passive ventilation coming out of the wazoo in practically every direction. From ventilation on the top of the case, vented slots on either side, the entirety of the front panel featuring two-stage ventilation at the top and bottom, and the rear of the casing being filled with more holes than a particularly unlucky gangster, Jonsbo is clearly aware of the fact that this system is going to be massively reliant on airflow to keep the large quantity of internal components cool.

Additionally, the kit includes three adhesive mesh dust panels that can be fitted to the three vents on the side compartments of the N5 enclosure. These are completely optional, but I would still recommend utilizing them to limit any kind of external detritus when using this big old case!

The front panel also features a pre-fitted mesh dust panel behind its large ventilation slits throughout. The front panel comes off easily thanks to a fabric pull handle and is real wood, at 8 mm thick.

LED indicators that show drive health and activity are oddly displaced on the system. However, the eight vertical bays have their own eight dedicated LEDs shown clearly on the front panel of the N5 and are as clear as you would expect. However, the four horizontally mounted drives have their own LEDs tucked somewhat hidden to the left of the casing internally and are by no means as clear as the initial eight LEDs. This is an odd choice and one that I can only assume is down to utilizing the original N3 design a little too much, or the difficulty of porting in the four additional LEDs from the sub HDD cage into that front panel smoothly.

I populated the system with 12 3.5-inch hard drives, and each drive feeds directly into its own dedicated combined SATA power and data interface—no loose wires and all interfaces are mounted on their own PCB backplane. Internally, it is actually two separate PCBs, with eight on one and four on the other.

However, I’m sad to say that Jonsbo still persists in using their odd rubber handle and grommet design on hard drive installation instead of traditional trays like everyone else in the market! I have commented on this numerous times in the past through my other reviews of the N2, N3, and N4 systems, and have never really liked these trays.

Standard 3.5-inch hard drive trays would be considerably smoother for installation, and the fact that the system feeds directly into static PCB and SATA interfaces internally means that there is no reason for using such a flexible choice of media injection when a static tray would serve just as well—and about 10 times better.

Worse still, I’m not entirely convinced that these rubber handles are safer than trays when it comes to removing drives in the event of a RAID failure and drive swap out. The rubber handles have too much give when pulling and could lead to a potential spring of the drive into your knuckles as you remove it, or worse, that you have to pull it extra hard to remove the drive and the drive ejects, hitting the table. I still don’t understand why Jonsbo persists with these trays.

Though, ever so slightly in Jonsbo’s defense, as each drive is being held by six individual rubber grommets that tightly fit inside the internal chassis, there is an argument to be made that these do reduce ambient vibration throughout the rest of the chassis in a way that a loose tray perhaps might not.

With the system fully populated with 12 hard drives, utilizing the three default fans that the system has on full, as well as a silent CPU cooler, I made two individual noise tests of the system when in operation. The front of the system, which has all of the storage media but lacks any direct active cooling, achieved an average noise level of between 45 and 47 decibels. Now I’m sure these numbers could be lessened by users who plan to use smaller-capacity and less industrially constructed hard drives; nevertheless, I can’t imagine it would be that much quieter given you have 12 drives spinning inside this comparatively packed desktop chassis.

Turning the device around to the fans and ports end, noise was actually fractionally subdued, hitting an average of between 37 and 39 DBA. It is still not exactly a quiet system, but I was actually kind of surprised that these three active cooling fans built into the rear of the chassis did not cause more noise than this.

As mentioned earlier, the eight vertically stacked hard drives all back onto an internal PCB that features individual interfaces for each drive, numbered 1 through 8. It also features individual SATA outputs, a SATA power input, and two Molex power inputs.

This PCB features an additional SATA power, Molex power, and individual SATA outputs for the drives on the other side of that board. I did start to wonder why exactly Jonsbo had decided on mounting two individual media PCB boards into this system rather than one large dedicated board that funneled all 12 SATA inputs.

The answer ended up being surprisingly interesting. The four horizontally stacked storage drives are mounted in their very own cage. This cage can be removed from the front of the system via just two screws holding it in place, and this allows you to slide out this main cage and install the drives and the SATA cables considerably more easily after the installation of the PSU and its accompanying cables. The space between the PSU and this four-drive bay area is actually really tight, and there are definitely benefits in having the ability to slide out this storage area for easier access to this cabling, as well as funneling the SATA cables more effectively or applying maintenance to an existing storage setup inside the system.

The front of this system features similar ports to previous Jonsbo NAS cases, which include a USB Type-A, a USB Type-C, and audio in and out ports. These USB ports are USB 10G, but that is definitely going to depend on your motherboard installation of choice and whether it is compatible fully with the F-panel cabling inside the N5.

The rear of the case doesn’t feature any further ports, and will be solely reliant on the motherboard that you choose to install inside the case. Pre-populated in any way. You get the case, you get the accessory kit to install your components, and that is it.

The three fans built into the rear of the N5 are Jonsbo-branded 120 mm fans. There is an argument that replacing these fans with a quieter alternative, such as the Noctua options in the market, but really you would be putting a plaster on a shotgun wound in the case of the N5. This case is going to make a great deal of ambient noise, whether you like it or not, and reducing the fan noise by a few decibels really is not going to make a great deal of difference here.

On the inner walls of the sides internally, the N5 features mounting rails, as well as screws to install each of these components included with the accessory kit. These do seem metal basic, but at the same time, hardly any different from the other popular large-scale NAS cases like the Fractal Node 804. I would have, of course, preferred to see direct 2.5-inch SATA injection rather than loose cables and a light framework, but at least you have these two side-mounted frames to add small system mods conveniently to hand.

Unlike previous Jonsbo cases, which used SFX power supplies, the Jonsbo N5 supports larger-scale ATX internal PSUs. This is clearly reflective of the larger motherboard support that this system features, and although there is sufficient room to mount the PSU and use a similar PSU plate as previous Jonsbo cases, it does lead to a tight cluster space between the PSU and the horizontal 4-bay hard drive cage.

Why Jonsbo persists in utilizing the hexagonal Allen key screws to mount the top of the case, when every other screw inside the system uses a standard cross-head screw, kind of blows my mind. By six individual small screws, which, although easy to remove, still kind of beg the question—why you can’t have had normal flat-head cross screws instead for convenience.

Overall, the external design of the N5, keeping in mind the massive scale of this system, largely repeats the design elements from my previous Jonsbo NAS case reviews (the horrible rubber band trays and the odd choice of screws). And although I’m a little confused by the LED and SATA PCB arrangement, overall, I’m really happy with the construction of the N5 externally. Let’s take a look at the inside and discuss what we find.

Jonsbo N5 Review – Internal Design

When Jonsbo launched the N4 NAS enclosure earlier this year, it seemed to be a NAS case that fell behind a lot of the scale-ups and improvements of the N3 before it. Jonsbo has clearly decided to rectify these things by maxing out practically every direction possible on the scalability of the N5. For a start, you can support up to eight whopping 160 mm CPU coolers inside the system. Given the 12 SATA storage media support and up to 8 PCIe cards, it makes sense that you’re going to use much more powerful CPUs, and therefore need a cooler best suited to capture all of that active airflow! I tested several large-scale CPU coolers, and even my 160 mm height CPU fan still had around 5-7mm clearance space.

The space afforded to the motherboard installation on the Jonsbo N5 is absolutely huge. A few users online have already told me that they have opted to install an ITX motherboard inside this case, and although I am a massive ITX mobo fan (as there’ve been some fantastic NAS-optimized compact boards of late from Topton, CWWK, and Minisforum), when I did pop an ITX board in, it was kind of comical how little space it actually took up.

So for the build video I’m working on, I decided to cannibalize an existing ATX test machine that I’ve been using for about a year on Gen 5 SSDs. This board fit in snug as a bug in a rug, and there was still a ton of space where the main eight SATA storage space protrudes beyond the motherboard cavity. Unlike previous generation Jonsbo cases that nest the motherboard directly on top of the storage media bays, the N5 has got sufficient room that there is only a small amount of overlap and therefore restrictive airflow and potential heat generation to be concerned about.

With eight individual PCIe slots on the rear, even if you use double-height cards on your motherboard, that still allows for four individual fat graphics cards if you want! On top of that, the system supports up to 350 mm length cards as well, at full height, so the scope for PCIe upgradability here is absolutely massive. Add to that the fact that even more modest motherboards with 1-2 PCIe slots will still be able to capitalize on the scope of this case, thanks to modern M.2 to PCIe adapters in the market.

If you do mount 2.5-inch SATA SSDs inside the case via the mounting rails mentioned earlier, just be aware that this does overlap ever so slightly over the last PCIe slot. And although most likely this won’t pose an issue, as a double-height card will occupy the two last slots comfortably, just be aware that this may also block active airflow slightly.

It’s an exceptionally spacious and clear cavity to install your motherboard here, with the same space that you would regularly see afforded to a professional gaming rig, but this time geared much more towards 24/7 storage. But what about if you’re building this NAS case? Are there any hurdles or hiccups you should be aware of?

Jonsbo N5 Review – Building a NAS?

I’m currently working on a step-by-step build guide for the Jonsbo N5; however, in the meantime, until that is finished, here are a few early observations that I had when building a server using the N5.

The area behind the hinged fan panel is surprisingly spacious, and in contrast to the tight-knit area behind the PSU, there is absolutely loads of space here to funnel your PSU SATA cables freely without fear of blocking the air inlet.

The area behind the 4-bay cage that is sandwiched behind the PSU is a different story, however, and I strongly recommend that you funnel all of your SATA cables long, long before you even consider playing with the PSU installation.

The PCBs inside the Jonsbo N5, as it separates the media across two PCB boards, require you to separate the power a little. The rear board features three individual Molex power female ports and two SATA power female ports. More than likely, you are going to need to use a Molex splitter on the majority of domestic PSUs in order to accommodate these connections.

It is recommended that you use 60 cm SATA cables minimum when connecting all 12 bays of storage to the N5-installed motherboard. The four horizontal drives will easily cable in well to the small cavity hole for these cables in the case, but the eight individual SATA bays will need to effectively double up to reach the small SATA inlet hole featured in the N5, so perhaps even consider swapping slots 1234 with 90 cm SATA cables.

The main SATA 20-pin connector and a couple of 6/8-pin power connectors can be funneled via the cavity above the 8x hard drive storage bay. These can be tracked via the small envelope space above the eight-slot SATA PCB.

However, there is an additional small cable inlet located next to the motherboard backplane area that you can use to funnel additional 4/6/8-pin power inputs for your motherboard at that corner if needed.

Everything else about building this case was pretty straightforward, just be aware that you really need to focus on funneling the SATA cables first, then routing each of the PSU cables into their relevant internal case cavity before sliding the PSU and its plate into place. As it is near impossible to do this afterwards and will result in having to dismantle almost the entire arrangement after. Let’s discuss some recommended upgrades and build options.

Recommended Upgrades and Adapters for your Jonsbo N5 Build

Here are a bunch of upgrades that will allow you to scale up just what you can do with your Jonsbo N5 NAS case build. Many of these are soft mods or adapters that allow you to scale up even smaller class systems into something more aggressive.

If you have run out of PCIe slots on your motherboard but still want to add 10 GB Ethernet, don’t fear, as you can get hold of the IO Crest M.2 to 10GBE network adapter that even arrives with its own PCIe backplate that you can slot into one of the available cavities of the N5, and is attached with a loose ribbon to an M.2-mounted controller.

Buy the IOCREST M.2 to 10GbE Adapter HERE for $79 at Aliexpress

If you are thinking of being a little bit more broad in what you want to do with your PCIe slots beyond 10GB network upgrades, then you can get an M.2 to PCIe upgrade riser. You can even get hold of a Gen 4 x 4 M.2-supported model pretty affordably now that will allow you to attach up to a full x16 length PCIe card, but keep in mind that the M.2 adapter is limited to x4 speed (Gen 4 x 4 is approx 8 GB per second bandwidth).

Buy the ADT-LINK Gen 4×4 M.2 to PCIe Slot Adapter HERE for $26 at Aliexpress

If you want to add further fans to the Jonsbo NAS via those hanging rails, or modify the existing 120 mm Jonsbo fans, low-noise fans from Noctua can be used on the Jonsbo N5 as replacements or upgrades.

Buy the Noctua NF-P12 Silent 120mm Fan HERE for $25.98 at Aliexpress or $21.95 on Amazon HERE

Even if you opt for an ATX motherboard, you’d be surprised how many motherboards do not arrive with 12 individual SATA inputs for your storage media. Of course, there are workarounds on some motherboards, such as PCIe SATA upgrade cards, or some more modern motherboards featuring HD Mini-SAS fan-out ports that allow for multi-SATA interfaces to be connected on a smaller surface area. However, one of the cleanest and easiest upgrades I found to attach six additional SATA drives is utilizing an M.2 to SATA upgrade card. These are dirt cheap and have the added benefit that they can be tidily installed on the M.2 PCB in advance before installing onto the motherboard. You are potentially sacrificing a useful M.2 in favor of SATA connections, but we are starting to see more and more multi-M.2 slot motherboards in the market, so this is less of a concerning sacrifice as time goes on.

Buy the M.2 to 6x SATA Adapter HERE for $17.19 at Aliexpress or $32 on Amazon HERE

As mentioned previously in the article, motherboards available in the world of NAS. Even though the Jonsbo N5 supports a much larger ATX motherboard, the small scale and lower power consumption afforded to a number of NAS-optimized MITX motherboards can’t really be ignored. ITX boards are great for NAS.

Topton 8 Core Intel i3 N305 Motherboard, 6x SATA, 2x NVMe, 4x 2.5GbE – $279 HERE

Review HERE on YouTube and HERE on NASCompares

CWWK Demon Gen5 Board Intel 12/13/14 generation CPU |3x M.2 NVMe|8x SATA3.0|2x Intel 2.5G network ports – $279 HERE

Review HERE on YouTube and HERE on NASCompares

To make the funneling of the SATA cabling easier, I strongly recommend that you use pre-bound SATA cable lengths like these. These $10-12 6x SATA 50-100 cm Pre-Netted cables allowed me to attach (with 2 of them) all 12 bays of storage easily and neatly without too much loose cabling in between. Additionally, each SATA connector is numbered at either end to ensure you can connect drives appropriately and not have any confusion down the road in the event of a drive failure.

Buy the SATA x8 Cable HERE for $9.29 on Aliexpress

and x6 HERE on Amazon for $13.98

As mentioned earlier on, you may be using a PSU that does not quite have enough power input to support the rather complex storage configuration. It is recommended that you check that you have enough SATA and Molex available. If not, I recommend getting hold of Molex and/or SATA splitter cables like the ones below.

Buy the Molex Splitter HERE for $1.20 on Aliexpress

and HERE on Amazon for $1.25

And that’s really it. The only last thing I would add is that if you are going to fully populate this NAS with hard drives, be aware that hard drives above 8/10 TB have a tendency to make more ambient operational noise and vibration, which will be multiplied significantly via this case. So just be aware that larger storage may well lead to a louder system in general.

Jonsbo N5 Review – Conclusion

I think I’m in love! I have been playing around with DIY NAS cases for years now. I’m hard-pressed to call any single case “the ultimate NAS case,” but the Jonsbo N5 is as close as it gets. It might not be the smallest, or the most discreet, and those hard drive handles are a nightmare, but in every other regard, this is the perfect NAS case for your DIY server solution. If you have the surface area available, you simply will not find a more scalable and upgradable NAS solution in the DIY server market in 2024. It is not a solution for the timid, but if you are looking to start your server journey off right on day one and not have to be concerned in any way that you perhaps cannot scale the system in any direction down the road, the N5 will have you covered for decades to come!

Jonsbo has clearly spent a great deal of time learning from their previous releases and tweaking the things that needed to be tweaked. I’m sure it won’t be long before someone creates a hard drive tray mod that eliminates the issue of those rubber handles, and in every other regard, this thing is unbeatable. Also, if you factor in that the N5 is only around $80-100$ more in price than the N2, N3 and N4, but several times more broadly compatibility and scalable – it’s surely a no brainer!

PROS	CONs
Highly Scalable: Supports up to 12 hard drives and 4 SSDs, making it one of the most scalable DIY NAS cases available. Broad Motherboard Compatibility: Supports ITX, M-ATX, ATX, and E-ATX motherboards, offering great flexibility. Ample PCIe Support: Can accommodate up to 8 PCIe expansion slots, allowing for high customization and upgrades. Solid Build Quality: Made from a mix of aluminum alloy, steel, and wood, providing durability and a premium feel. Massive Cooling Capacity: Supports up to 11 fans, with passive ventilation in every direction, ensuring effective cooling for high-performance setups. Supports Full-Size Components: Compatible with full-length GPUs and large CPU coolers (up to 160mm in height). Accessory Kit Included: Comes with a comprehensive set of accessories, including extra screws, trays, and even screwdrivers. Detailed Instruction Manual: The build instructions are thorough, helping users with different motherboard types and installation procedures. Great for Long-Term Use: The design allows for future upgrades, making it ideal for users who plan to scale over time. Competitive Pricing: Priced only slightly higher than smaller models (N2, N3, N4) but with significantly more features and expandability.	Frustrating Hard Drive Trays: The rubber handle design for the hard drive trays can be awkward and less secure than traditional trays. Potential Noise: Thin 1mm steel and numerous drive bays may amplify operational noise, especially with high-capacity hard drives and fans. Hex/Allen Key Screws: Using hex/Allen key screws for the case lid can be inconvenient and prone to wear, making future access difficult.

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As much as I love to talk about network attached storage (NAS), I would be lying if I said I didn’t have a soft spot for direct attached storage (DAS – also referred to as locally accessed storage). Even though traditional NAS has been around now for several decades, direct attached storage has been around almost as long as the subject of data storage itself. The advantages and desirability of add-on locally accessible storage have appealed to practically everyone, and as network attached storage has continued to evolve, direct attached storage has not exactly been putting its feet up with a paper and a cup of tea! Fantastically fast connections like USB4, Thunderbolt 4 and the increasingly popular Oculink — which is effectively PCIe external connectivity, made easy! Into this growing and exciting field of storage, AOOSTAR has launched the TB4S-OC, an enclosure that connects via 40Gbps USB4 or Oculink! Originally designed as a NAS expansion device, as many of the growing range of appliances in NAS and mini PCs support both of these ports, this allows you to immediately add four Gen 3 SSDs to your operating system of choice and greatly boost your storage performance.

Aoostar TB4S-OC Review – Quick Conclusion

The AOOSTAR TB4S-OC NVMe USB4 and Oculink DAS offers high-speed storage expansion with USB4 and Oculink interfaces, supporting four M.2 NVMe SSDs with transfer speeds up to 800MB/s per slot. Compact and efficient in design, it includes a base-mounted cooling fan for heat management during heavy workloads. While it lacks hardware RAID support, it relies on software RAID for managing multiple SSDs. In testing, the TB4S-OC showed consistent performance with 822MB/s read and 788MB/s write speeds, and 265MB/s for SSD-to-SSD transfers. In RAID 0, it reached 2.5GB/s and 2.1GB/s in RAID 5 with the AOOSTAR GEM10 mini PC/NAS. Its thermal management kept SSD temperatures safe, peaking at 47°C during read tests. Though versatile, it is limited by the lack of hardware RAID and compatibility with older USB ports.

BUILD QUALITY - 8/10

HARDWARE - 8/10

PERFORMANCE - 8/10

PRICE - 9/10

VALUE - 8/10

8.2

PROS

High-Speed Connectivity: Supports USB4 and Oculink, providing faster data transfer rates up to 40Gbps.
Compact and Portable: Small form factor with durable aluminum design, making it easy to transport and integrate into existing setups.
Supports Up to 16TB Storage: With four M.2 NVMe SSD slots, the device can accommodate significant storage capacity.
Efficient Thermal Management: Maintains safe operating temperatures, even during intensive tasks, with an active cooling system.
Versatile RAID Options: Software RAID support (RAID 0 and RAID 5) allows for flexible storage configurations.
Excellent Performance: Achieves up to 2.5GB/s in RAID 0 and 2.1GB/s in RAID 5, delivering impressive transfer speeds.
JBOD Option Available: Ideal for users who prefer independent drives without RAID configuration.
Wide Compatibility: Works with both NAS systems and mini PCs that support USB4 and Oculink interfaces.

CONS

No Hardware RAID Support: Lacks built-in hardware RAID, relying on software RAID, which may be a limitation for some users.
Limited PCIe Lanes (x1): Each SSD slot is limited to PCIe Gen 3 x1, capping individual drive speeds at around 800MB/s.
Incompatibility with Older USB Ports: Does not support legacy USB3.0 or USB2.0 ports, restricting usage to newer interfaces only.

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AOOSTAR TB4S-OC Review – Design

AOOSTAR has been a growing name in the world of network attached storage for a few years now, releasing some pretty unique devices into the market. In the last 12 months we have reviewed several different devices, such as the GEM10, from this brand that have factored in support of both USB4 and Oculink connections.

AOOSTAR TB4S-OC will allow you to expand via USB4 (and indeed, the 64Gbps connection of Oculink) and not only expand your original storage but expand it with genuinely fast NVMe storage that can match the performance of internal SSDs.

Up until this point, if you wanted to expand a NAS using USB, you were limited to simply expanding with slower hard drives or utilizing slightly faster SSDs. As good as these sound, they pale in comparison to the faster M.2 NVMe storage provided by the system’s internal SSDs.

Some users, of course, quite like this, as it allows them to use the internal SSD bays inside their NAS for hot data, while utilizing the slower external USB storage on hard drives and SATA SSDs for cold storage long-term.

However, that still means the transfer of data between the main NAS and the external system on most traditional expansion devices is limited to USB, which ends up being between 500MB and 1,000MB per second (depending on the version of USB 3.2 you are using).

However, the TB4S-OC being able to take advantage of USB4 or Oculink will massively open up the bandwidth afforded between the NAS and the expansion system. So that means that hot data can be stored externally if needed, or even just warm data, and data can be moved between a NAS and expansion up to a maximum of 6,400MB per second.

That said, you are still going to need external power. Luckily, the system arrives with a pretty decent external PSU.

Regarding maximum performance potential, this is heavily dependent, of course, on the lanes afforded to the SSDs inside an expansion, as well as the SSDs themselves, but this is still a massive increase over what traditional USB expansions have been able to provide to NAS directly previously.

The TB4S-OC arrives as an incredibly compact external enclosure that easily fits within your hand. The system features a base-mounted, silent, active cooling fan. I was not able to find much in the way of fan control when connecting this to the GEM10 AOOSTAR system with Unraid running, but that does not mean that other NAS operating systems would not be able to control the enclosure fan via their own control panel.

One neat little extra is that the system also includes a power supply splitter. It a small extra, but definitely appreciated.

The 2nd connector on the splitter is a standard barrel power connection and can be attached to a similar barrel PSU.

Under the base panel is a larger fan assisted heatsink panel.

This sits directly on top of the M.2 Slots and the kit includes the m.2 thermal panels to allow for dissipation from the drive into the heatsink.

Removing the base-level fan shows us the internal 2280 length M.2 NVMe slots.

Each slot is a Gen 3 x1 lane speed interface, which means that each one can provide somewhere between 800MB to 1,000MB per second bandwidth to a connected drive.

AOOSTAR TB4S-OC Review – Storage

There are definitely going to be some users disappointed to hear this, as even fairly average class Gen 3 x4 SSDs have the potential to reach 3,000MB per second bandwidth, but clearly there has to be some lane distribution at play, and all of these drives are being fed into a singular controller that needs to be USB4 compliant at 40Gbps.

The system does not support any internal hardware RAID and is supplied as JBOD only. This is not the end of the world, as the majority of expansion DAS boxes in recent years have arrived in JBOD form, and although as just a typical USB direct attached storage device support for a hardware RAID would be desirable, it is less so in the world of modern NAS.

Equally, improved efficiency of CPUs and RAID management have also significantly reduced the overhead that managing RAID on an external box would have had in previous years.

The benefits of RAID across multiple drives are fairly well documented, and these four SSDs, if pooled in RAID 0 or in RAID 5 with a single disk of redundancy, would significantly improve performance and eat up a lot more of that USB/Oculink bandwidth up for grabs.

RAID video embedded picture

AOOSTAR TB4S-OC Review – Performance Testing

When it comes to performance, the AOOSTAR TB4S-OC delivers solid results across both read and write operations, as well as internal data copying. Below are the performance metrics based on testing:

• 1 SSD Read Performance: 1GB File Creation, 90x, via Terminal/SSH = 822MB/s
• 1 SSD Write Performance: 1GB File Creation, 90x, via Terminal/SSH = 788MB/s
• Copy 1GB from SSD 1 to SSD 2: 1GB x20, via Terminal/SSH = 265MB/s

Although the write performance is slightly lower than the read performance, these figures are very respectable and demonstrate how well the TB4S-OC handles typical NAS or DAS expansion tasks. Copying data between SSDs is a bit slower, but still well within acceptable performance for the system’s configuration.

Thermal management is also worth noting, with the system effectively dissipating heat during intensive tasks.

• During SSD Read Tests, the SSDs peaked at just 47°C.
• During SSD Write Tests, the SSDs peaked at 46°C.
• During SSD Copy Tests, SSDs peaked at 41-42°C.

These temperatures are well within safe operating ranges for SSDs and indicate that the AOOSTAR TB4S-OC is able to handle sustained workloads without risking overheating or performance throttling.